Wear behavior of graded Cr-CrN-Cr(1−x)Al(x)N coatings synthesized by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering for advanced machining operations

Comparison of CrN Coatings Prepared Using High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering

“…The friction coefficient determines the resistance to relative motion between the coating and the counter surface. The friction coefficient of coatings is influenced by various factors, including coating composition, microstructure, surface roughness, and environmental conditions [ 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ]. By carefully selecting and optimizing these factors, it is possible to improve wear resistance and extend the operational lifespan.…”

“…Regarding the coating’s microstructure, factors like grain size, grain boundary condition, and density significantly impact the corrosion resistance of CrN coatings. Defects within the coating can reduce its inherent corrosion resistance, while various defects can also increase the likelihood of contact between the corrosive medium and the coating substrate, thereby impacting the overall corrosion resistance [ 137 , 138 , 139 ]. Hence, a fine-grained, well-structured, and compact microstructure generally enhances the coating’s corrosion resistance [ 19 , 21 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 ].…”