Wear Behavior of Base Oil Fractions and Their Mixtures

Benchaita, M. T.; Günsel, Selda; Lockwood, Frances E.

doi:10.1080/10402009008981967

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This result might be an indication of more than one ester function of the triester vegetable oil molecule participating in adhesive interaction with the steel surface. Table 1 shows no difference in the ∆G ads values of SBO and HOSBO obtained using either adsorption model, an indication of similar lubrication properties of SBO and HOSBO in the boundary regime (5,10,11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). This was surprising in view of the large differences in the chain makeup of the two triglycerides and previous reports of strong effects of chain chemistry on ∆G ads (10,11,(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Friction and adsorption properties of normal and high‐oleic soybean oils

Biresaw

Adhvaryu

Erhan

et al. 2002

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The steel/steel boundary friction properties of soybean oil (SBO) and high-oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) are compared. HOSBO is significantly more saturated than SBO and more oxidatively stable. Changes in degree of unsaturation affect lateral interactions of adsorbate molecules, which in turn affects their adsorption and, hence, their boundary lubrication properties. To investigate this possibility, the free energies of adsorption (∆G ads ) of SBO, HOSBO, and methyl laurate (ML) were determined from the analysis of friction-derived adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption models. The results showed a stronger adsorption for the vegetable oils than for ML, an indication of multiple interactions between the ester groups of the triglycerides and the steel surface. The result also showed no difference in the ∆G ads values of SBO and HOSBO obtained using either the Langmuir or Temkin models. This was interpreted as an indication of the lack of appreciable net lateral interaction between triglyceride adsorbates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Friction and adsorption properties of normal and high‐oleic soybean oils

Biresaw

Adhvaryu

Erhan

et al. 2002

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Two factors that affect the boundary lubrication properties of vegetable oils are adsorption and reaction (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Adsorption refers to the ability of the oil to adsorb onto friction surfaces and prevent their contact during a tribological process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction properties of vegetable oils

Biresaw

Adhvaryu

Erhan

2003

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Vegetable oils are a renewable and an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based oils in lubrication and other important application areas. Vegetable oils fall into two broad chemical categories: triesters (or TG) and monoesters. Most vegetable oils are triesters of glycerol with FA, whose characteristics are dependent on the chemistry and composition of the FA residues. A small percentage of vegetable oils are monoesters of long-chain FA and fatty alcohols of varying chemistries. In this work, the free energy of adsorption (∆G ads ) of safflower (SA), high-oleic safflower (HOSA), and jojoba (JO), methyl oleate (MO), and methyl palmitate (MP) on steel were investigated. SA and HOSA are TG of vegetable oils with FA residues of radically different degrees of unsaturation. JO is a monoester vegetable oil. ∆G ads is one of the major factors affecting the boundary friction properties of lubricant ingredients. ∆G ads was found to increase in the order: HOSA ≤ SA < JO < MO ≤ MP. The results are consistent with the degree of functionality and other chemical properties of the oils studied.Paper no. J10390 in JAOCS 80, 697-704 (July 2003).KEY WORDS: Adsorption isotherm, boundary lubrication, coefficient of friction, free energy of adsorption, jojoba oil, methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, safflower oil, high-oleic safflower oil, vegetable oil.Vegetable oils are obtained from renewable agricultural sources (1,2). They are also nontoxic and have excellent environmental and safety characteristics. These properties make vegetable oils attractive alternatives to petroleum-based oils in lubrication and other applications (1-5). Vegetable oils can be grouped into two broad chemical categories (2). Most vegetable oils are triesters of glycerol with various types of FA and are commonly referred to as TG. A few vegetable oils are monoesters of long-chain FA and fatty alcohols of varying degrees of unsaturation.Most vegetable oils can be considered to be amphiphilic since they comprise distinctly separated regions of polar and nonpolar groups in the same molecule. The polar groups constitute at least one ester functional group. The nonpolar groups are hydrocarbons of varying chain lengths, degrees of unsaturation, and stereochemistry. Depending on the type of vegetable oil, functional groups such as epoxides and hydroxides may be present in the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule. The tribological and other properties of vegetable oils are highly dependent on the exact chemical composition of its polar and nonpolar groups. For example, a TG with a lower degree of unsaturation will have better oxidative stability than a TG with a higher degree of unsaturation (6-8).Most vegetable oils are considered functional fluids since they have at least one functional group (an ester) and are also liquid at room temperature. This property allows vegetable oils to be used in lubricant formulations as base oils and/or boundary additives. Most lubrication processes occur in one of three lubrication regimes: boundary, hydrodynamic, and mix...

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“…4 The tribological properties of a base oil are linked to its chemical composition. [4][5][6] To group base oils with similar physiochemical properties, the American Petroleum Institute (API) categorises bases oils into five groups based on the production procedure. 7 Mineral base oils are categorised as groups 1 to 3, whereas groups 4 and 5 refer to polyalphaolefin (PAO) and miscellaneous base oils, respectively (see Table 1 for further details).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric approaches to resolving base oil mixtures

Ellick

Wicking²,

Hancock³

et al. 2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale: In the lubrication industry, commercial base oils are commonly made up of blends of base oil stocks from different sources in different ratios to reduce production costs and modulate rheological properties. This practice introduces complexity in lubricant design because as the chemistry of the base oil becomes more complicated, it can become harder to formulate the base oilparticularly when the ratio of the original base oil stocks is unknown.Methods: In this study, field ionisation mass spectrometry is used to collect chemical information on a range of base oil mixtures. The resultant data are processed within the Python workspace where molecular formulae are assigned to the components and statistical analyses are performed. A variety of regression techniques including regularised linear models and automated machine learning are evaluated on the data. Results:The use of an automated machine learning pipeline yields insight into effective modelling strategies that could be applied to the data obtained. The best results were obtained using polynomial feature generation combined with ridge cross-validation regression. Overall, with this methodology it is possible to resolve the ratio of group 2 and group 3 base oil within a blended mixture to an accuracy of ±5%. Conclusions:The strategies outlined in this study show how modern data science and chemometrics can be applied successfully to resolve the ratio of a complex mixture.

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Wear Behavior of Base Oil Fractions and Their Mixtures

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Friction and adsorption properties of normal and high‐oleic soybean oils

Friction and adsorption properties of normal and high‐oleic soybean oils

Friction properties of vegetable oils

Chemometric approaches to resolving base oil mixtures

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