Wear Behavior of a Heat-Treatable Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg-1Si Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Wang, Pei; Liu, Yang; Qi, J.F.; Yu, Sijie; Setchi, Rossitza; Wu, Ming-Wei; Eckert, J.; Li, Haichao; Scudino, Sergio

doi:10.3390/ma14227048

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The test part (shown in Figure 2) was designed using CAD software (SolidWorks 2021, version number: 6.30.1030, Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) and manufactured using the SLM 125HL machine (SLM Solutions AG, Lubeck, Germany). There is also an additional factor that is very important in the case of hydraulic solutions, and at the same time, it is one of the biggest weaknesses of AM-the high surface roughness of the as-built parts [48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. In the case of H13 tool steel, Guenther et al [52] revealed that in the case of such steels, a direct correlation between surface roughness and friction coefficient, i.e., the rougher the surface was, the higher the friction force, does not take place.…”

Section: Manufacturing Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also an additional factor that is very important in the case of hydraulic solutions, and at the same time, it is one of the biggest weaknesses of AM—the high surface roughness of the as-built parts [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In the case of H13 tool steel, Guenther et al [ 52 ] revealed that in the case of such steels, a direct correlation between surface roughness and friction coefficient, i.e., the rougher the surface was, the higher the friction force, does not take place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear Analysis of Additively Manufactured Slipper-Retainer in the Axial Piston Pump

et al. 2022

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Additive manufacturing (AM) of spare parts is going to become more and more common. In the case of hydraulic solutions, there are also some applications of AM technology related to topological optimization, anti-cavitation improvements, etc. An examination of all available research results shows that authors are using specialized tools and machines to properly prepare AM spare parts. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of quick repair of the damaged slipper-retainer from an axial piston pump by using an AM spare part. Hence, it was prepared with a 100-h test campaign of the AM spare part, which covers the time between damage and supply of the new pump. The material of the slipper-retainer has been identified and replaced by another material—available as a powder for AM, with similar properties as the original. The obtained spare part had been subjected to sandblasting only to simulate extremely rough conditions, directly after the AM process and an analysis of the influence of the high surface roughness of AM part on wear measurements. The whole test campaign has been divided into nine stages. After each stage, microscopic measurements of the pump parts’ surface roughness were made. To determine roughness with proper measurements, a microscopical investigation was conducted. The final results revealed that it is possible to replace parts in hydraulic pumps with the use of AM. The whole test campaign caused a significant increase in the surface roughness of the pump’s original parts, which was worked with the AM spare slipper-retainer: (1) from Ra = 0.54 µm to Ra = 3.84 µm in the case of two tested pistons; (2) from Ra = 0.33 µm to Ra = 1.98 µm in the case of the slipper-retainer. Despite significant increases in the surface roughness of the pump’s parts, the whole test campaign has been successfully finished without any damages to the other important parts of the whole hydraulic test rig.

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Section: Manufacturing Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Analysis of Additively Manufactured Slipper-Retainer in the Axial Piston Pump

et al. 2022

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“…They also reported that the size of the primary phase rather than hardness was a key parameter for the wear performance. Wang et al [19] also noted that the nano-sized Al 2 CuMg and Mg 2 Si phases precipitated in the matrix after the T6 heat treatment and enhanced the wear resistance of the LPBF processed Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg-1Si alloy. However, LPBF-deposited Al-7Si-0.5Mg-0.5Cu alloy presented the best wear resistance compared to the samples subjected to solution-treated and quenched (SQ) or subsequent aging after solution-treated and quenched (SQA) heat treatment [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Structural materials are inevitably exposed to friction and wear conditions in the service process [19]. Therefore, the poor wear resistance of aluminum alloys is considered a severe impediment to their further application [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoprecipitates enhanced wear resistance of laser powder bed fusion-processed high-strength Al−Cu−Mg−Si−Ti alloy

WANG¹,

Mansori²,

Hadrouz³

et al. 2023

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Solidification cracking during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and poor wear resistance of high-strength aluminum alloys hinder their application in aerospace and automotive fields. In the present work, a novel defect-free Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti alloy was manufactured by LPBF. The densification behavior research shows that the threshold value to manufacture the full-density Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti alloy by LPBF is a volumetric energy density (VED) of 141.7 J/mm3. The LPBF processed sample shows a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of ultrafine equiaxed grains and columnar grains. Dry sliding tests indicate that the wear rate of the as-built samples is 3.9 ± 0.4 × 10-5 cm3/m with dominant abrasive wear under an applied load of 2.1 N. At an applied load of 24 N, the wear mechanism transforms to severe delamination and abrasion with a high wear rate of 42.1 ± 0.1 × 10-5 cm3/m. After the aging treatment, the size and number density of nanosized S’ and Q’ precipitated phases increase significantly, which results in an increased hardness and better wear resistance.

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“…Spierings et al [ 14 ] studied the effects of different heat-treatment temperatures and holding times on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Mg alloy modified with Sc and Zr, and the results showed that the static mechanical properties are exceptionally good, with Rm values exceeding 500 MPa, along with almost no build-orientation related anisotropic effects and a high ductility even in the heat-treated condition. Scudino et al [ 15 ] studied the wear behavior of Al-7Si-0.5Mg-0.5Cu alloy prepared by SLM under heat treatment. The results show that the specific wear rate of SLM Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy after T6 heat treatment is lower, but the average friction coefficient is similar to that of Al2024 alloy after heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting 6061 Aluminum Alloy

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Selective laser melting technology can be used for forming curved panels of 6061 aluminum alloy thermal shield devices for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), in order to make the formed parts with better performance. This study proposes different heat treatment processes, including annealed treatment at 300 °C for 2 h, solution treatment at 535 °C and then aging at 175 °C over 2 h, to control the mechanical behavior of the 6061 aluminum alloy samples prepared by selective laser melting (SLM). The mechanical properties such as ductility, tensile strength, and hardness of SLM 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated, and the microstructure of the samples was analyzed. The eutectic silicon skeleton shape disappeared after annealing treatment at 300 °C for 2 h. The tensile strength decreased by 22.86% (from 315 MPa to 243 MPa of the deposited state samples), and the elongation increased from 2.01% to 6.89%. Moreover, the hardness reduced from 120.07 HV0.2 to 89.6 HV0.2. After solution aging, the unique microstructure of SLM disappeared. Furthermore, the precipitation of massive Si particles on the α-Al matrix increased, and a trace amount of the Mg2Si(β) phase was generated. Compared with the deposited samples, the tensile strength decreased by 12.06%, while the hardness of specimens was 118.8 HV0.2. However, the elongation showed a remarkable increase of 297% (from 2.01% to 7.97%). Therefore, solution aging can critically improve the plasticity without losing significant tensile stress in the SLM 6061 aluminum alloy. This study proposes the use of SLM 6061 aluminum alloy for the thermal shields on the ITER and provides a reference for choosing a reasonable heat-treatment method for the optimal performance of the SLM 6061 aluminum alloy.

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Wear Behavior of a Heat-Treatable Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg-1Si Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Wear Analysis of Additively Manufactured Slipper-Retainer in the Axial Piston Pump

Wear Analysis of Additively Manufactured Slipper-Retainer in the Axial Piston Pump

Nanoprecipitates enhanced wear resistance of laser powder bed fusion-processed high-strength Al−Cu−Mg−Si−Ti alloy

The Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting 6061 Aluminum Alloy

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