Wear and Corrosion Properties of Stellite-6 Coating Fabricated by HVOF on Nickel–Aluminium Bronze Substrate

Mousavi, Seyed Elias; Naghshehkesh, Nastaran; Amirnejad, Mohabbat; Shammakhi, Hossein; Sonboli, Ali

doi:10.1007/s12540-020-00697-7

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The counterface material was prepared in the form of pin with the dimension of 30 mm length and 10 mm diameter. Wear test have been conducted as per ASTM G99-05 standard [29]. The tests were done at various temperatures; say, 30 °C (room temperature), 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C.…”

Section: Sliding Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr₃C₂ and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

S¹,

Meignanamoorthy²,

Ravichandran³

2023

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Steam turbine blades are subjected to wear because of the continuous exposure to high pressure and temperature of the steam. Excessive wear in the blades adversely affects the power generation. Super alloys are commonly used to overcome these issues. Inconel 625 has been considered for analysis in the current work. To further enhance the wear resistance, Cr3C2 and Stellite were added. The wear behavior of Inconel 625 coated with Cr3C2 and Stellite at constant load and various temperatures are investigated. These coatings were deposited on the base metal by using the atmospheric plasma spray coating process. Fabricated sample pieces are characterized by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Vicker’s microhardness tester. Pin on disc tribometer has been used to study the friction and wear behaviour of the fabricated samples. Impact of the coatings with respect to wear are investigated with the help of SEM and EDAX. At various temperature settings, wear caused by the sliding of Inconel 625 coated with Cr3C2 and Stellite against the EN-8 steel disc are discussed. Temperature variations has affected both the coating's removal and elemental composition. Stellite at room temperature and Cr3C2 at 400°C significantly reduced the wear rate of Inconel 625 subjected to 20N load condition.

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Section: Sliding Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr₃C₂ and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

S¹,

Meignanamoorthy²,

Ravichandran³

2023

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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show abstract

“…They can well behave in advanced engineering applications such as the primary circuit in nuclear-pressurised water reactors [1], engine components [2], oil and gas applications [3], elevated temperature metal forming tools [4]. Stellites components are fabricated with various techniques, more often by overlay welding [5,6], casting [7,8] or using surface techniques likewise HVOF [9], cold spray [10], laser cladding [11], laser remelting [12] or conventional machining [13]. The functional properties of stellites depend on the fabrication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

et al. 2021

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From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5 × 1016 cm−2 and 1 × 1017 cm−2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the ε(hcp) to γ(fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ε-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than γ and consequently, increase of γ phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable γ structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and γ → ε martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of γ phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials.

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“…They can well behave in advanced engineering applications such as the primary circuit in nuclear pressurized water reactors [1], engine components [2], oil and gas applications [3], elevated temperature metal forming tools [4]. Stellites components are fabricated with various techniques, more often by overlay welding [5,6], casting [7,8] or using surface techniques likewise HVOF [9], cold spray [10], laser cladding [11], laser remelting [12] or conventional machining [13]. The functional properties of stellites depend on the fabrication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

Szala

Chocyk

Skic

et al. 2021

Preprint

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From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 alloy exhibits excellent cavitation erosion (CE) resistance. In this work, the effect of nitrogen ion implantation of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of CE resistance and both cobalt-rich matrix phase transformation due to nitrogen implantation and CE were stated. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5x1016 cm-2 and 1x1017 cm-2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost 10 times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that HIPed Stellite 6 nitrogen ion implantation favours transformation of the ɛ(hcp) to γ(fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ɛ-rich matirx is less prone to plastic deformation than γ and consequently, increase of γ phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable γ structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and γ → ɛ martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of fcc phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 losing their restrain, are debonding and removed. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, the loss of matrix phase and CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials.

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Wear and Corrosion Properties of Stellite-6 Coating Fabricated by HVOF on Nickel–Aluminium Bronze Substrate

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr₃C₂ and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr₃C₂ and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

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Wear and Corrosion Properties of Stellite-6 Coating Fabricated by HVOF on Nickel–Aluminium Bronze Substrate

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr3C2 and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr3C2 and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

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Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr₃C₂ and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625

Characterization and wear properties of plasma sprayed Cr₃C₂ and Stellite coatings on Inconel 625