Weaponizing HIV: Qualitative interviews with pregnant Zambian women depicting a unique typology of HIV-specific intimate partner violence

Prevalence and Social-Structural Correlates of Gender-Based Violence Against Women Living With HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada

“…We are confident that acceptable face validity is achieved in this study through women's self-reporting of violence experiences, as the goal was to capture all self-reported violence under the broad definitions outlined in the methods section. Given that our findings make sense in the context of existing qualitative literature on violence (Harrison et al, 2021;Krüsi et al, 2018), we are also confident that this study demonstrates acceptable content validity (Heale & Twycross, 2015). In a global context of violence research, there is great diversity in how violence is conceptualized-as such, the use of broad violence measures in the present study may not be directly applicable in other contexts; a standardized approach to capturing violence and correlates would help address this limitation (Deering et al, 2014).…”

“…Violence against women, including women living with HIV, has been associated with incarceration, housing insecurity, and food insecurity (Erickson et al, 2020; Maynard et al, 2018; Pavao et al, 2007). However, there is no research available to describe the correlates of violence against women living with HIV specifically, with much available research being qualitative, describing the critical link between disclosure of HIV status and IPV in the context of HIV nondisclosure criminalization, and the ways HIV status can be weaponized or exacerbate IPV experienced by women living with HIV (Harrison et al, 2021; Krüsi et al, 2018). Notably, a study conducted in Maryland with 310 women living with HIV suggested violence after HIV diagnosis was associated with a history of prior abuse, substance use, lower income, and time since diagnosis (>4 years) for women under age 30, and having a partner whose HIV status was negative or unknown (Gielen et al, 2000b).…”