Weapon violence in adolescence: Parent and school connectedness as protective factors

Henrich, Christopher C.; Brookmeyer, Kathryn A.; Shahar, Golan

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.03.022

Cited by 94 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this study, student support was conceptualized as student perceptions that teachers care about all students and want them to do well and that students feel comfortable seeking help from them. These findings are consistent with previous research finding that adolescents who are exposed to supportive adults in the school have higher academic achievement (e.g., Goodenow, 1993;Gregory & Weinstein, 2004) and lower problem behavior (Henrich, Brookmeyer, & Shahar, 2005;Jessor et al, 2003).…”

Section: Authoritative School Climatesupporting

confidence: 92%

Authoritative School Climate and Student Academic Engagement, Grades, and Aspirations in Middle and High Schools

2016

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This study tested the theory that an authoritative school climate characterized by disciplinary structure and student support is conducive to positive academic outcomes for middle and high school students. Multilevel multivariate modeling at student and school levels was conducted using school surveys completed by statewide samples of 39,364 students in Grades 7 and 8 in 423 middle schools and 48,027 students in Grades 9 through 12 in 323 high schools. Consistent with authoritative school climate theory, both higher disciplinary structure and student support were associated with higher student engagement in school, higher course grades, and higher educational aspirations at the student level in both samples. At the school level, higher disciplinary structure was associated with higher engagement, and higher student support was associated with higher engagement and grades in both samples. Overall, these findings add new evidence that an authoritative school climate is conducive to student academic success in middle and high schools.

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Section: Authoritative School Climatesupporting

confidence: 92%

Authoritative School Climate and Student Academic Engagement, Grades, and Aspirations in Middle and High Schools

2016

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“…Resnick et al's (1997) seminal study of a cross-sectional examination of Add Health data found that students with high levels of school connectedness had an inverse relationship with aggressive behaviors. Other Add Health studies have also found that high levels of school connectedness have a role in preventing youth violence (Brookmeyer et al, 2006;Dornbush et al, 2001;Franke, 2000;Henrich et al, 2005 Overall, it appears that the stronger the relationships students form with teachers and school personnel, the less likely they are to engage in negative, disruptive, aggressive behaviors.…”

Section: Mediation Of School Connectednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, alienation from family and peers and lack of school connectedness have been shown to be significant predictors of adolescents involved in weapon violence (Henrich, Brookmeyer, & Shahar, 2005;Karcher, 2004). In a sample of high school students, Resnick, Harris, and Blum (1993) compared students with high connectedness scores to those with low connectedness scores.…”

Section: Youth Violence and School Connectednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some studies, including those using Add Health data (e.g., Blum et al, 2002;Brookmeyer et al, 2006;McNeely et al, 2002), did not control for most or all of the characteristics controlled in this study. Those studies that did control for such characteristics when examining school size, school connectedness, and youth violence still found significance in their findings (e.g., Bonny et al, 2000;Crosnoe et al, 2004;Dornbusch et al, 2001;Franke, 2000;Henrich et al, 2005;McNeely, 2003;McNeely & Falci, 2004;Resnick et al, 2004;Resnick et al, 1997). For example, Resnick et al (2004) stated that school connectedness is a "potent predictor" of youth violence; even more than socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity.…”

Section: Mediation Of School Connectednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School Size and Youth Violence: Potential Mediating and Moderating Role of School Connectedness

Volungis¹

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Results did not support school connectedness as a moderator; however, results did support school connectedness as a mediator between school size and youth violence. Although no direct relationship was found between school size and youth violence, there was a significant inverse relationship between school size and school connectedness and a significant inverse relationship between school connectedness and youth violence. These findings highlight the importance of how the quality of individual student-school personnel relationships can play a role in preventing violence both within and outside of the school setting. Furthermore, increasing school student population appears to vii play a role in creating challenges in the development of quality relationships between students and school personnel, which in turn impedes prevention of youth violence. In addition to contributing to the literature on preventing youth violence, this study also underscores the need for future research to take caution in research design and measurement with Add Health data, and further exploration in alternative contextual relationships that may prevent youth violence. Introduction and Literature Review Youth ViolenceViolence in some form has always existed in our schools and communities, but the highly publicized shootings in the 1990s, such as Littleton, Colorado, Jonesboro, Arkansas, and Paducah, Kentucky received extensive media attention resulting in an increase in public awareness and concern (Modzeleski et al., 2008). In 2001, the Surgeon General released a report in order to designate youth violence as a public health concern in the United States (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). Although this report showed that youth violence was less lethal than it was in 1993, violent behaviors involving adolescents showed trends of increasing. In fact, violent crimes committed by adolescents have dramatically increased (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1999) to the point that this population commits more violent crimes than any other age group (Pastore & Maguire, 2002). Also of concern are the findings that adolescent problem and criminal behaviors are related to future adult illegal behaviors (Loeber & Hay, 1997;Sampson & Laub, 1990). Furthermore, compared to all other age groups, children and adolescents are most likely to be the victims of crimes (Furlong & Morrison, 2000 Moreover, there appears to be a general theme of youth violence being related to feelings of distress, anger, hopelessness, and shame from youth witnessing or experiencing violence (Martinez & Richters, 1993; Ludwig & Warrn, 2009;Osofsky, Werers, Hann, & Fick, 1993 An additional concern of youth exposure to community violence tends to be a resulting cycle of violence where the victims become the perpetrators (Osofsky et al., 1993). Brookmeyer, Fanti, and Henrich (2006) in their analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (Add Health)found that simply being exposed to violence is a significant predictor of...

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“…In jedem Fall kann der schnelle Zugriff auf Waffen eine Tatdurchführung vereinfachen und somit begünstigen (Blumstein & Cork, 1996;DuRant, Krochuk, Kreiter, Sinal & Woods, 1995;Hayer et al, 2006;Hepburn & Hemenway, 2004;Heubrock et al, 2005; (Brenner et al, 1999), trotzdem tragen 10% bis 20% der Kinder und Jugendlichen in Schule und/oder Freizeit Waffen (Furlong, Bates & Smith, 2001;Hayes & Hemenway, 1999), meist Messer (Pickett et al, 2005). Waffenbesitz korreliert mit weiteren Risikofaktoren für Jugendkriminalität wie der Zugehörigkeit zu einer Minorität oder Gang, Drogenkonsum, familiären Problemen, Suizidplänen oder hohem Aggressionspotential (DuRant, Krochuk, Kreiter, Sinal & Woods, 1999;Estell, Farmer, Cairns & Clemmer, 1999;Hayes & Hemenway, 1999;Knutsche & Klingemann, 2004), aber auch mit Angst vor Viktimisierung und eigenen Gewalterfahrungen (Henrich, Brookmeyer & Shahar, 2005;May, 1999;Sheley, 1993;Rosenfeld, Baumer & Meissner, 2007). Auch in Deutschland werden Waffen mit in die Schule gebracht (Tillmann, Holler-Nowitzki, Holtappels, Meier & Popp, 2000), bis zu 41% der männlichen Schüler haben das schon einmal getan (Schwind Roitsch, Ahlborn & Gielen, 1997;s.…”

Section: Tatmotiveunclassified

School Shootings in Deutschland

Bondü¹,

Scheithauer²

2009

Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie

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Weapon violence in adolescence: Parent and school connectedness as protective factors

Cited by 94 publications

References 16 publications

Authoritative School Climate and Student Academic Engagement, Grades, and Aspirations in Middle and High Schools

Authoritative School Climate and Student Academic Engagement, Grades, and Aspirations in Middle and High Schools

School Size and Youth Violence: Potential Mediating and Moderating Role of School Connectedness

School Shootings in Deutschland

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