Weaning time in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) larvae

Verreth, J.A.J.; Tongeren, Martie van

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90062-8

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Current larval growths were higher than those reported by Awaiss & Kestemont (1998) and Verreth & Van Tongeren (1989). Improved growth performance of larvae co‐fed dry diets in combination with live feeds was attributed to coupling of nutrients and energy from the Artemia and formulated diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Weaning strategies involving direct feeding in dry diets resulted in poor growth performance. One possible reason could be attributed to inability of C. gariepinus to assimilate higher quantity of dry diets probably related to slow pace of physiological gut maturation or complete development of the digestive system (Hecht & Appelbaum 1987; Verreth & Den Bieman 1987; Verreth & Van Tongeren 1989; Verreth 1994; Awaiss & Kestemont 1998; Kolkvoski 2001). Because of the scanty information about detailed anatomical and physiological description of the larval ontogeny of C. gariepinus (Hecht & Appelbaum 1987), the length of the larval period or the right time by which the species has fully differentiated gut to totally handle dry diets is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, during weaning several dry diets are introduced (Verreth et al. 1987, 1993; Verreth & Van Tongeren 1989; Awaiss & Kestemont 1998) . Absolute dependency on live feeds as the dietary source is a major constraint in larval nutritional research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth performance, survival, feed utilization and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae co-fed Artemia and a micro-diet containing freshwater atyid shrimp (Caridina nilotica) during weaning

Chepkirui‐Boit

Ngugi

Bowman

et al. 2011

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Problems of limited number of dry feeds as supplement or replacement of live feeds have led to poor larval nutrition in many species of fish. Therefore, the suitability of co‐feeding 8‐day‐old African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) posthatch larvae using live feed (Artemia salina) and formulated dry diet containing freshwater atyid shrimp (Caridina nilotica) during weaning was investigated. The experiment ended after 21 days of culture and respective groups compared on the basis of growth performance, survival, feed utilization and nutrient utilization. Larvae co‐fed using 50%Artemia and 50% formulated dry diet resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) better growth performance, food gain ratio (FGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and productive protein values (PPV) than other treatments. The lowest growth performance occurred in larvae weaned using 100% formulated and commercial dry diets. Better survival of over 90% was obtained in larvae weaned using 50%Artemia and 50% dry diet, while abrupt weaning using 100% dry diets resulted in lower survival (<75%). These results support a recommendation of co‐feeding C. gariepinus larvae using a formulated dry diet containing C. nilotica and 50% live feed when weaning is performed after 8 days posthatching period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth performance, survival, feed utilization and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae co-fed Artemia and a micro-diet containing freshwater atyid shrimp (Caridina nilotica) during weaning

Chepkirui‐Boit

Ngugi

Bowman

et al. 2011

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…The fact that the onset of stomach functions, of gill respiration, changes in metabolic enzyme activities, and differentiation into adult-type muscles all occur simultaneously, provides a strong argument to use this functional alterations as the delineation of the larval period. After this period, catfish larvae are able to use dry feed equally well as live feed, i.e., they do not need any longer a specific larval diet (Verreth and van Tongeren 1989;Verreth et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feeding level (FL) in the Artemia-fed groups corresponded to near-satiation level (FL = 0.3), and was calculated according to the procedure of Verreth and den Bieman (1987). Before feeding, feed remnants, faeces and dead larvae were removed from the aquaria and the feeding levels were adjusted accordingly (Verreth and van Tongeren 1989). Samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 days after start of exogenous feeding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic enzyme activities in larvae of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: changes in relation to age and nutrition

Segner

Verreth²

1995

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The influence of ontogeny and nutrition on metabolic enzyme activities in larvae of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was studied. After start of exogenous feeding, the larvae were reared for 10 days under three different nutritional conditions: Artemia nauplii, a dry starter diet, and starvation. The live feed gave the best growth (96 mg within 10 days) whereas the dry diet resulted in low growth (33 mg). This growth difference was reflected in larval RNA and DNA concentrations, but not in the levels of soluble protein. Enzymes representing the following aspects of metabolism have been analysed: NADPH generation (G6PDH, ME), glycolysis (PFK, PK), gluconeogenesis (FDPase), amino acid catabolism (GOT, GPT) and oxidative catabolism (CS). All enzymes were present from the start of exogenous feeding onwards, but their maximum specific activities displayed different developmental patterns. In catfish larvae fed on Artemia, G6PDH and ME activities steadily increased with age and weight of the larvae. CS levels remained, after an immediate enhancement upon onset of exogenous feeding, on a rather stable plateau. The amino acid-degrading enzymes GOT and GPT showed maximum levels at days 3-5 of feeding or at a body weight of 10-20 mg, but decreased thereafter. Activities of PFK, PK and FDPase showed low initial levels, and increased significantly with age and size. Based on the ontogenetic patterns of metabolic enzymes, in C. gariepinus larvae an early and a late developmental phase can be distinguished. During the early phase, the glycolytic and gluconeogenetic capacities are low, whereas they are enforced during the later phase. The oxidative capacity is high both during the early and the late phase. The metabolic changes in catfish development coincide with other major ontogenetic events, e.g., alterations of muscle organization, gill morphology, respiration and stomach structure and function. Rearing catfish larvae on a dry diet instead of Artemia partly altered the developmental pattern described: The ontogenetic elevation of CS, PFK and FDPase was delayed and the early peak in GOT and GPT activities was not realized. Particularly during the early developmental phase, the enzyme behaviour of the larvae fed on dry food was similar to that of starved larvae.

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Ontogeny of the osteocranium in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus Burchell (1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae): Ossification sequence as a response to functional demands

Adriaens

Verraes

1998

J. Morphol.

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Weaning time in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) larvae

Cited by 59 publications

References 10 publications

Growth performance, survival, feed utilization and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae co-fed Artemia and a micro-diet containing freshwater atyid shrimp (Caridina nilotica) during weaning

Growth performance, survival, feed utilization and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae co-fed Artemia and a micro-diet containing freshwater atyid shrimp (Caridina nilotica) during weaning

Metabolic enzyme activities in larvae of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: changes in relation to age and nutrition

Ontogeny of the osteocranium in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus Burchell (1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae): Ossification sequence as a response to functional demands

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