Weaning Induced Gut Dysfunction and Nutritional Interventions in Nursery Pigs: A Partial Review

Wei, Xiaoyuan; Tsai, Tsung Cheng; Howe, Samantha; Zhao, Jiangchao

doi:10.3390/ani11051279

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 188 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The interrelationships between microorganisms affect the metabolic and trophic functions of the microbiome and may suggest a susceptibility to certain diseases, including post-weaning diarrhea. For example, subjects with a high abundance of Prevotella usually have a lower prevalence of Bacteroides which have immunomodulatory effects ( 100 , 101 ). Possible explanation could be that Prevotella produce anti-inflammatory short fatty acids which help to modulate the immune system ( 102 ).…”

Section: Weaning Of Piglets and Diarrhea Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The scientific community is closely monitoring the replacement of antibiotics with doses of ZnO in weaned piglets. Since 2022, the use of zinc in medical doses has been banned in the European Union. Therefore, pig farmers are looking for other solutions. Some studies have suggested that zinc nanoparticles might replace ZnO for the prevention of diarrhea in weaning piglets. Like ZnO, zinc nanoparticles are effective against pathogenic microorganisms, e.g., Enterobacteriaceae family in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect on probiotic Lactobacillaceae appears to differ for ZnO and zinc nanoparticles. While ZnO increases their numbers, zinc nanoparticles act in the opposite way. These phenomena have been also confirmed by in vitro studies that reported a strong antimicrobial effect of zinc nanoparticles against Lactobacillales order. Contradictory evidence makes this topic still controversial, however. In addition, zinc nanoparticles vary in their morphology and properties based on the method of their synthesis. This makes it difficult to understand the effect of zinc nanoparticles on the intestinal microbiome. This review is aimed at clarifying many circumstances that may affect the action of nanoparticles on the weaning piglets' microbiome, including a comprehensive overview of the zinc nanoparticles in vitro effects on bacterial species occurring in the digestive tract of weaned piglets.

show abstract

Section: Weaning Of Piglets and Diarrhea Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Maternal and environmental microorganisms rapidly colonize the gastrointestinal tract of calves before and after birth ( Collado et al., 2012 ; Malmuthuge et al., 2015 ). Intestinal flora plays a regulatory role in host digestion, metabolism, immunity, and other physiological functions and is considered a new functional organ ( Ringel-Kulka, 2012 ; Wei et al., 2021 ). The changes in intestinal flora have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, colorectal cancer, type 2 diabetes, and intestinal dysfunction ( Sabatino et al., 2017 ; Chen et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Early Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection on the Intestinal Barrier and Immune Function in Newborn Calves

Wang

Simujide

Areum

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied the effect of early pathogenic Escherichia coli infection on newborn calves’ intestinal barrier and immune function. A total of 64 newborn Holstein male calves (40–43 kg) were divided into two groups: normal (NG) and test (TG), each with 32 heads. At the beginning of the experiment, the TG calves were orally administered pathogenic E. coli O1 (2.5 × 1011 CFU/mL, 100 mL) to establish a calf diarrhea model. In contrast, the NG calves were given the same amount of normal saline. During the 30 d trial period, the feeding and management of the two groups remained constant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantification PCR, and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology were used to detect indicators related to the intestinal barrier and immune function in the calf serum and tissues. Pathogenic E. coli O1 had a significant effect on calf diarrhea in the TG; it increased the bovine diamine oxidase (P < 0.05) and endotoxin levels in the serum and decreased (P < 0.05) the intestinal trefoil factor (P < 0.05), Occludin, Claudin-1, and Zonula Occludens 1 (ZO-1) levels in the colon tissue, as well as downregulated the mRNA expression of Occludin, Claudin-1,and ZO-1 in the colon mucosa, leading to increased intestinal permeability and impaired intestinal barrier function. Additionally, pathogenic E. coli had a significant impact on the diversity of colonic microbial flora, increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and decreasing the levels of Firmicutes and Bacteroides. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia and Shigella in the TG increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas that of Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Blautia, and Lactobacillus was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of IL-6 in the serum of the TG calves was significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), compared to those in the NG calves. Thus, pathogenic E. coli induced diarrhea early in life disrupts intestinal barrier and impairs immune function in calves.

show abstract

“…However, it has recently been restricted in many countries including the European Union (EU) due to soil heavy metalization, accumulation in livestock products, and increased antimicrobial resistance [ 3 ]. The EU limits ZnO in weaned piglet diets to 150 mg/kg, and China limits it to 1,600 mg/kg [ 4 ]. In South Korea, the Zn content in compost is limited to 1,200 mg/kg, and a penalty is imposed on swine farms if this limit is exceeded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Korea, the Zn content in compost is limited to 1,200 mg/kg, and a penalty is imposed on swine farms if this limit is exceeded. The pharmacological level of ZnO has been allowed to be added to piglet diets for two weeks after weaning in many countries to control PWD at this time [ 3 , 4 ]. For this reason, studies on Zn dose control or elimination of dietary ZnO are being conducted to replace high-dose ZnO in the diet of weaned piglets during 2 weeks of post-weaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different inorganic: organic zinc ratios or combination of low crude protein diet and mixed feed additive in weaned piglet diets

Oh¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thirty-six weaned piglets with an initial body weight of 8.43±0.40kg (28 days of age, LYD) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments for a 2-week feeding trial to determine the effects of different inorganic (IZ), organic zinc (OZ) or combination of low crude protein diet (LP) and feed additives (MFA) on diarrhea score, nutrient digestibility, zinc utilization, blood profiles, organ weight, and fecal microflora in weaned piglet diet. The pigs were individually placed in 45×55×45 cm stainless steel metabolism cages in an environmentally controlled room (30±1℃). The dietary treatments included a negative control (NC), positive control (PC;

show abstract

Weaning Induced Gut Dysfunction and Nutritional Interventions in Nursery Pigs: A Partial Review

Cited by 28 publications

References 188 publications

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

Importance of Zinc Nanoparticles for the Intestinal Microbiome of Weaned Piglets

Effect of Early Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection on the Intestinal Barrier and Immune Function in Newborn Calves

Effects of different inorganic: organic zinc ratios or combination of low crude protein diet and mixed feed additive in weaned piglet diets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About