Wealthier is Healthier

Pritchett, Lant

doi:10.2307/146149

Cited by 1,021 publications

(713 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

645

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…To assess the relationship between economic conditions and the child mortality rate, the literature (see, inter alia, Pritchett and Summers, 1996;Ruhm, 2000;Gerdtham and Ruhm, 2006;and Gonzalez and Quast, 2011) has estimated the following equation:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dealing with the effect of excluded variables that are constant over time is possible by estimating either fixed-effects (with country-specific effects) or first-differenced models (see Pritchett andSummers, 1996 andRoss, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…∆ is therefore the first-difference of the logarithm of under-five mortality rate in the ith country in the sth observation and ∆ and refer to CTOT growth and CTOT volatility respectively. ∆ is a set of control variables (all in first-differences of the logarithm) including: the gross primary school enrolment ratio to control for the tendency of education to reduce mortality, the share of the population aged 0-4 and share of the population aged 65 and older to control for the age of the population, democracy dummies and domestic credit to private sector relative to GDP to control for institutional quality and financial development respectively, and GDP per capita growth to control for economic conditions (see Pritchett and Summers, 1996, Ruhm, 2000and Gonzalez and Quast, 2011. Finally, the term is a time-specific effect and is the error term.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work examining infant mortality like Pritchett and Summers (1996) also employ firstdifferences; this is typically part of a strategy to mitigate artificiality in child mortality data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also adopt the approach of Pritchett and Summers (1996) by estimating the model with and without GDP per capita growth. GDP per capita growth is one of the possible factors through which commodity price volatility can affect child mortality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Child mortality, commodity price volatility and the resource curse

Makhlouf

Kellard

Vinogradov

2017

Social Science & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given many developing economies depend on primary commodities, the fluctuations of commodity prices may imply significant effects for the wellbeing of children. To investigate, this paper examines the relationship between child mortality and commodity price movements as reflected by country-specific commodity terms-of-trade. Employing a panel of 69 low and lower-middle income countries over the period 1970-2010, we show that commodity terms-of-trade volatility increases child mortality in highly commodity-dependent importers suggesting a type of 'scarce' resource curse. Strikingly however, good institutions appear able to mitigate the negative impact of volatility. The paper concludes by highlighting this tripartite relationship between child mortality, volatility and good institutions and posits that an effective approach to improving child wellbeing in low to lower-middle income countries will combine hedging, import diversification and improvement of institutional quality.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work examining infant mortality like Pritchett and Summers (1996) also employ firstdifferences; this is typically part of a strategy to mitigate artificiality in child mortality data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Child mortality, commodity price volatility and the resource curse

Makhlouf

Kellard

Vinogradov

2017

Social Science & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Economic Growth and Childhood Malnutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Büttner,

Heemann,

De Neve

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceEconomic growth may reduce childhood malnutrition through improvements of several contributing factors, but the empirical evidence is mixed. Identifying the most important factors that contribute to child malnutrition and their associations with economic growth can inform decision-making about targeted investments to improve children’s health.ObjectiveTo assess the associations between economic growth and malnutrition, contributing factors and malnutrition, and economic growth and contributing factors of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from 239 Demographic and Health Surveys from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2021. Observations included 1 138 568 children aged 0 to 35 months with valid anthropometric measures and information on contributing factors of malnutrition from 58 LMICs. Data were analyzed from May 20, 2022, to February 16, 2023.ExposureNational per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) was used as a proxy for economic growth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSix measures of childhood malnutrition were constructed: stunting (height-for-age z score &lt;−2), underweight (weight-for-age z score &lt;−2), wasting (weight-for-height z score &lt;−2), overweight (weight-for-height z score &gt;2), obesity (weight-for-height z score &gt;3), and dietary diversity failure (consumption of less than 5 of 8 different food groups in the past 24 hours). Eighteen contributing factors of malnutrition were constructed, of which 10 were underlying determinants (eg, access to improved sanitation) and 8 were immediate determinants (eg, breastfeeding initiation).ResultsA total of 1 138 568 children (mean [SD] age, 17.14 [10.26] months; 579 589 [50.9%] boys and 558 979 [49.1%] girls) were included in the analysis. Of these, 27.3% (95% CI, 27.2%-27.4%) had stunting; 25.7% (95% CI, 25.6%-25.8%), underweight; 11.2% (95% CI, 11.1%-11.2%), wasting; 3.8% (95% CI, 3.7%-3.8%), overweight; 1.1% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.1%), obesity; and 79.8% (95% CI, 79.7%-79.9%), dietary diversity failure. Per-capita GDP was weakly associated with childhood malnutrition. The odds ratios associated with a 5% increase in per-capita GDP were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00) for stunting, 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00-1.01) for wasting, 1.00 (95% CI, 1.00-1.00) for underweight, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.98-0.98) for overweight, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.98) for obesity, and 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) for dietary diversity failure. Although strong associations were found between many contributing factors and most outcomes for malnutrition, associations identified between per-capita GDP and these contributing factors themselves were ambiguous.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multicountry cross-sectional study, economic growth was weakly associated with childhood malnutrition and several contributing factors. To reduce child malnutrition, economic growth may need to be accompanied by more targeted investments to improve contributing factors that are strongly associated with child malnutrition, such as maternal health and education.

show abstract

Shoring Up the Safety Net

Hiatt

2014

JAMA Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wealthier is Healthier

Cited by 1,021 publications

References 29 publications

Child mortality, commodity price volatility and the resource curse

Child mortality, commodity price volatility and the resource curse

Economic Growth and Childhood Malnutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Shoring Up the Safety Net

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About