“…Whereas patch classification 267 , 287 , 288 , 289 , 290 or pixel segmentation 237 , 329 , 330 , 331 , 332 , 333 was formerly mainstream, these problems appear to have been largely solved, and now there is far more research into higher-level problems dominate, such as multiple-instance learning. 62 , 437 , 457 , 458 , 459 As computational methods continue to improve, it is natural that they are applied not merely as attention aids for pathologists (i.e. at the pixel or patch level), but furthermore are used to make intelligent slide- and patient-level decisions on their own.…”