“…Due to the deterministic rule between (Y j−1 nt , N j−1 nt ) and (Y j n(2t−1) , N j n(2t−1) ), (Y j n(2t) , N j n(2t) ) as proposed in (15) and (16), P (Y j−1 nt , N j−1 nt |Y j n(2t−1) , N j n(2t−1) , Y j n(2t) , N j n(2t) ) = I(Y j−1 nt = j n(2t−1) ∪Y j n(2t) )I(N j−1 nt = N j n(2t−1) + N j n(2t) ). Combining the above the equations, we obtain the update rule of the forward message passing on tree as:…”