Weakly and strongly associated nonfreezable water bound in bones

Comparative analysis of heterogeneous solid and soft materials by adsorption, NMR and thermally stimulated depolarisation current methods

“…5) can be estimated using the NMR-cryoporometry (IGT) [13,14]. The PSD uw graphs clearly demonstrate greater mesoporosity and surface area S IGT of the second bone sample (affected by osteoporosis) that is in agreement with the XRD data [14].…”

“…To test the modified cryoporometry techniques such systems as fumed silica A-300 (S BET = 278 m 2 /g, V p = 0.57 cm 3 /g) [10] and bio-objects: human plasma fibrinogen (HPF) [11], yeast cells [2,12], wheat seeds [2], and human bone tissues [2,13,14] were studied.…”

TSDC spectroscopy of relaxational and interfacial phenomena

“…These intact controls, conditioned in air and stored in hermetically sealed vessels at 253 K, were used as the initial material. Sample I (total weight 150 mg) corresponds to the initial bones [403]. Rearrangement of water bound in bone tissue with an increasing h value affects the relaxation processes that appear in the TSDC spectra (Fig.…”

Nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry

“…The chloroform-d altered the water distribution since it preferentially filled the larger pores, forcing the water into the smaller structures. Turov et al identified the fractions of weakly and strongly associated water in rat tail bone tissue, and derived the occupied porosities for these two types of water (Turov et al, 2006). The substantial fraction of weakly associated water, σ H = 1.2 -1.7 ppm (much lower than for bulk water), was found to reside in the smallest pores and could only be removed by heating the bone.…”