Weak-values technique for velocity measurements

Viza, Gerardo I.; Martínez-Rincón, Julián; Howland, Gregory A.; Frostig, Hadas; Shomroni, Itay; Dayan, Barak; Howell, John C.

doi:10.1364/ol.38.002949

Cited by 155 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some experiments [19,34,35] have used weak measurements in the context of time/frequency measurements but with imaginary Weak Values so the meter could be seen as a classical variation [36]. When ωg ≪ 1 the modified wave packet can still overlap with the original one, or with a wave packet modified by a different Ω, so interference is possible.…”

Section: Operational Definition Of Photonic Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental observation of anomalous trajectories of single photons

et al. 2017

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A century after its conception, quantum mechanics still hold surprises that contradict many "common sense" notions. The contradiction is especially sharp in case one consider trajectories of truly quantum objects such as single photons. From a classical point of view, trajectories are well defined for particles, but not for waves. The wave-particle duality forces a breakdown of this dichotomy and quantum mechanics resolves this in a remarkable way: Trajectories can be well defined, but they are utterly different from classical trajectories. Here, we give an operational definition to the trajectory of a single photon by introducing a novel technique to mark its path using its spectral composition. The method demonstrates that the frequency degree of freedom can be used as a bona fide quantum measurement device (meter). The analysis of a number of setups, using our operational definition, leads to anomalous trajectories which are non-continuous and in some cases do not even connect the source of the photon to where it is detected. We carried out an experimental demonstration of these anomalous trajectories using a nested interferometer. We show that the Two-state vector formalism provides a simple explanation for the results.

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Section: Operational Definition Of Photonic Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental observation of anomalous trajectories of single photons

et al. 2017

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“…[1]), there are technical advantages in that these methods make the experimental approach to these limits relatively easy with common experimental equipment. Indeed, these techniques have already been successfully applied in the lab to measure with high precision the optical spin Hall effect and other polarization-dependent beam deflections [2][3][4], interferometric deflections of optical beams [5][6][7], phase shifts [8][9][10], frequency shifts [11], temperature shifts [12], and velocity measurements [13]. In most of these experiments, the weak-value-amplification (WVA) technique met and even surpassed the sensitivity of standard techniques in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The argument is justified by using a Fisher-information analysis of technical noise applied to the signal carrier (e.g., such as beam-displacement jitter). We note the Fisher-information analysis has been recently applied to WVA by other authors as well [13,20]. However, this particular form of technical noise does not represent the complete picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Advantages for Weak-Value Amplification: When Less Is More

2014

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The technical merits of weak-value-amplification techniques are analyzed. We consider models of several different types of technical noise in an optical context and show that weak-value-amplification techniques (which only use a small fraction of the photons) compare favorably with standard techniques (which use all of them). Using the Fisher-information metric, we demonstrate that weak-value techniques can put all of the Fisher information about the detected parameter into a small portion of the events and show how this fact alone gives technical advantages. We go on to consider a time-correlated noise model and find that a Fisher-information analysis indicates that the standard method can have much larger information about the detected parameter than the postselected technique. However, the estimator needed to gather the information is technically difficult to implement, showing that the inefficient (but practical) signal-to-noise estimation of the parameter is usually superior. We also describe other technical advantages unique to imaginary weak-value-amplification techniques, focusing on beam-deflection measurements. In this case, we discuss combined noise types (such as detector transverse jitter, angular beam jitter before the interferometer, and turbulence) for which the interferometric weak-value technique gives higher Fisher information over conventional methods. We go on to calculate the Fisher information of the recently proposed photon-recycling scheme for beam-deflection measurements and show it further boosts the Fisher information by the inverse postselection probability relative to the standard measurement case.

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“…After first optical implementation of weak value [4], it has been applied in different fields to observe very tiny effects, such as beam deflection [5][6][7][8][9][10], frequency shifts [11], phase shifts [12], angular shifts [13,14], velocity shifts [15], and even temperature shift [16]. Weak value has a nature of being a complex number, which lead the weak measurements to provide an ideal method to examine some fundamentals of quantum physics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of nonclassical pointer states in postselected weak measurements

et al. 2015

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We investigate, within the weak measurement theory, the advantages of non-classical pointer states over semi-classical ones for coherent, squeezed vacuum, and Schröinger cat states. These states are utilized as pointer state for the system operatorÂ with propertyÂ 2 =Î, whereÎ represents the identity operator. We calculate the ratio between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of non-postselected and postselected weak measurements. The latter is used to find the quantum Fisher information for the above pointer states. The average shifts for those pointer states with arbitrary interaction strength are investigated in detail. One key result is that we find the postselected weak measurement scheme for non-classical pointer states to be superior to semi-classical ones. This can improve the precision of measurement process.

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Weak-values technique for velocity measurements

Cited by 155 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental observation of anomalous trajectories of single photons

Experimental observation of anomalous trajectories of single photons

Technical Advantages for Weak-Value Amplification: When Less Is More

Advantages of nonclassical pointer states in postselected weak measurements

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