Weak Localization of Light in a Disordered Microcavity

Gurioli, Massimo; Bogani, F.; Cavigli, Lucia; Gibbs, H. M.; Khitrova, G.; Wiersma, Diederik S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.183901

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Such enhancement effect in transmission was also observed [63]. Unfortunately, only the surface of this topic has been explored and since then there has not been a lot of activity with the exception of a few but important contributions from W. Langbein et al [58,64,65] and M. Gurioli et al [66][67][68] and very recently [69].…”

Section: Feature Articlementioning

confidence: 94%

Early stages of continuous wave experiments on cavity‐polaritons

Houdré

2005

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Section: Feature Articlementioning

confidence: 94%

Early stages of continuous wave experiments on cavity‐polaritons

Houdré

2005

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…This approach solves the first issue listed above: although the lifetime of a single particle of the polariton droplet remains short (few picoseconds), the packet itself lasts hundreds of picoseconds. To reduce the effect of the spatial inhomogeneities present in all semiconductor microcavities 17,18 , we keep the pump power at sufficiently high intensity so that most of the potential fluctuations are smoothed out 19 . Nonetheless, scattering centres are still present with an approximate density of 10 -2 µm -2 but, as shown below, they can be beneficial to reveal the peculiar quantum nature of the polariton fluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective fluid dynamics of a polariton condensate in a semiconductor microcavity

Amo¹,

Sanvitto²,

Laussy

et al. 2009

Nature

551

538

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Below a critical temperature, a sufficiently high density of bosons undergoes Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Under this condition, the particles collapse into a macroscopic condensate with a common phase, showing collective quantum behaviour like superfluidity, quantised vortices, interferences, etc. Up to recently, BEC was only observed for diluted atomic gases at μK temperatures. Following the recent observations of non-equilibrium BEC in semiconductor microcavities at temperatures of ~10 K, using momentum-1 and real-space 2 trapping, the quest is now towards the observation of the superfluid motion of a polariton BEC. For the same reasons that polaritons benefit from unusually favourable features for condensation, such as very high critical temperatures, it is expected that their superfluid properties would likewise manifest with altogether different magnitudes, such as very high critical velocities. Since they have shown many deviations in their Bose-condensed phase from the cold atoms paradigm, it is not clear a priori to which extent their superfluid properties would coincide or depart from those observed with atoms, among which quantised vortices 6 , frictionless motion 7 , linear dispersion for the elementary excitations 8 , or more recently Čerenkov emission of a condensate flowing at supersonic velocities 9 , are among the clearest signatures of quantum fluid propagation.Microcavity polaritons are two-dimensional bosons of mixed electronic and photonic nature, formed by the strong coupling of excitons-confined in semiconductor quantum wells-with photons trapped in a micron scale resonant cavity. First observed in 1992 10 , these particles have been profusely studied in the last fifteen years due to their unique features. Thanks to their photon fraction, polaritons can easily be excited by an external laser source and detected by light emission in the direction perpendicular to the cavity plane. However, as opposed to photons, they experience strong interparticle interactions owing to their partially electronic fraction. Due to the deep polariton dispersion, the effective mass of these particles is 10 4 -10 5 smaller than the free electron mass, resulting in a very low density of states. This allows for a high state 3 occupancy even at relatively low excitation intensities. However, polaritons live only a few 10 -12 s in a cavity before escaping and therefore thermal equilibrium is never achieved. In this respect, a macroscopically degenerate state of polaritons departs strongly from an atomic Bose-condensed phase. The experimental observations of spectral and momentum narrowing, spatial coherence and long range order-which have been used as evidence for polariton Bose-Einstein condensation-are also present in a pure photonic laser 11 . The recent observation of long range spatial coherence 12 , vortices 4 and the loss of coherence with increasing density in the condensed phase 13,14 , are in accordance with macroscopic phenomena proper of interacting, coherent bosons 15 . But a direct manifestation ...

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“…Disorder is unavoidable in all realistic microcavity structures 40 and represents a potential feedback mechanism given that it causes the Rayleigh scattering of polaritons 41 in all directions and enhanced backscattering 42 . Consequently, we tested the robustness of our system when defects are present in the potential.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical diode based on exciton-polaritons

Espinosa-Ortega

Liew

Shelykh

2013

Applied Physics Letters

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We propose theoretically an optical diode based on exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. A flow of polaritons in the bistable regime is used to send signals through an asymmetric fixed potential that favours the tunneling of particles in one direction. Through dynamic modelling of the coherent polariton field, we demonstrate the characteristics of an ideal diode, namely that the forward signal is fully transmitted while the transmission in the reverse direction tends to zero, without any additional external control. Moreover, the system proves to be robust to the presence of disorder, intrinsic to microcavities, and can function at gigahertz repetition rates. A common problem for the linking of polaritonic devices is the compensation of loss due to photon emission. The amplification of polariton states by bosonic stimulation 18-21 was one of the first nonlinear effects studied in these systems and propagating polariton wavepackets were recently amplified through a non-resonant excitation of reservoir states22 . An alternative approach to amplification has been based on the bistable behaviour of polaritons [23][24][25] , which itself has been used to create polariton switches 26,27 and ultrafast memories 28 . In the bistable regime, a switched state survives indefinitely 28 where the loss is compensated by a continuous wave laser that, together with interactions, sets the bistability in the system. By exploiting the propagation of a domain wall, it has been predicted theoretically that one can transport loss-less signals in the microcavity plane 29,30 . Structured potentials control the signal propagation along wires or "polariton neurons" and signals can cover distances that go far beyond the limits expected of the polariton lifetime.To be competitive, a signal processing device needs to achieve a low error rate, which may require the suppresa) Electronic mail: teortega@ntu.edu.sg sion of feedback. A useful element to reduce feedback would be a polaritonic analogue of the diode -a device that ideally allows full signal transmission in one direction, with signal suppression in the other. Very recently, a double barrier resonant diode based on polaritons was constructed 31 , where a high contrast gating of the transmission was achieved through the application of a gating laser. This design was based on ballistically propagating polariton wavepackets 32 . In this paper we present a design for an optical diode compatible with propagating domain walls (polariton neurons). An asymmetric response is achieved without using an additional gating laser, instead making use of a fixed spatially patterned potential, which favours the tunneling of particles in one direction only. We show that it is possible to achieve 100% transmission for the forward signal, while the backward signal is fully blocked by the static potential. Without the action of any external electric or optical control potential, the device can operate as a tunnel diode or as a backward diode, depending on the direction of the incoming flow of p...

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Weak Localization of Light in a Disordered Microcavity

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Early stages of continuous wave experiments on cavity‐polaritons

Early stages of continuous wave experiments on cavity‐polaritons

Collective fluid dynamics of a polariton condensate in a semiconductor microcavity

Optical diode based on exciton-polaritons

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