Weak Electrolyte Moving Boundary Systems Analogous to the Electrophoresis of Two Proteins

Nichol, James C.; Dismukes, E.B.; Alberty, Robert A.

doi:10.1021/ja01544a002

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…2-4A in fact indicated a novel kind of ITP relied on the physico-chemical mode of MRB, but not the classic ITP that was based on the mode of MBS. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] To demonstrate the novel ITP, we further conducted the experiments on the novel ITP separation of two complexes. Fig.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Novel Separation Mode and Its Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 and demonstrated herein. Further more, the novel ITP was different from the classic ITP 11,12 which was based on the traditional physico-chemical model of moving boundary system (MBS) developed about 60 years ago, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] as shown in Section 3.3 herein. Secondly, the concept of MPB provides an idea for solving a series of fundamental scientific problems, [25][26][27][28][29][30] which have existed in isoelectric focusing (IEF) for about 40 years, as has been shown in detail in Section 3 and 4.4 of Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the relevant mechanism of separation could not be explained by the present concept of MCB, 5,7,8 but could be illuminated by the combination of MCB and MSB concepts. Secondly, the simultaneous separation and condensation of two metal ion complexes could not be explained by the current separative mechanisms of inorganic ions, such as, a classic ITP 11,12 based on the physico-chemical mode of MBS, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), 44,45 capillary electrochromatography (CEC), ionic exchange CEC, micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), 46,47 electrostatic CE, and ion selection system etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel isotachophoresis of cobalt and copper complexes by metal ion substitution reaction in a continuous moving chelation boundary

Zhang

Chen

Fan

et al. 2010

Analyst

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A novel separation mode of isotachophoresis (ITP) was advanced for the study on the continuous moving chelation boundary (MCB) formed with EDTA and two metal ions of Co(II) and Cu(II). The experiments were performed systemically. The relevant results indicated that: (1) there were three boundaries in the whole system, viz., a sharp MCB, a wide moving substitution boundary (MSB) and a sharp complex boundary (CB); (2) within the MSB, an ion substitution reaction occurred between [Co-EDTA](2-) and Cu(II), and the reaction resulted in the release of Co(II) and EDTA from [Co-EDTA](2-) and the binding of Cu(II) with the released EDTA due to log K(Cu(II)) (= 18.80) > log K(Co(II)) (= 16.31); (3) because of the novel ITP mode induced by the MSB as well as the merging of the MCB and CB, the original low concentration Co(II) and Cu(II) were chemically separated as two characteristic coloured zones of pink [Co-EDTA](2-) and blue [Cu-EDTA](2-), and the sensitivities for detection of the two metal ions were greatly enhanced. The quantitative analyses of the zone composition by ICP-AES and UV-vis spectrophotometry supported the mechanism of the novel separation mode induced by the MSB. The further theoretical and experimental results indicated that the separation mode was a novel ITP relied on moving reaction boundary (MRB), rather than a classic ITP based on the moving boundary system developed about 60 years ago. These findings provide guidance for the development of the MRB and the MCB-based ITP separation of metal ions in environmental and biological matrices.

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Section: Mechanism Of Novel Separation Mode and Its Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel isotachophoresis of cobalt and copper complexes by metal ion substitution reaction in a continuous moving chelation boundary

Zhang

Chen

Fan

et al. 2010

Analyst

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“…The overall error in the time intervals was estimated to be f0.02%. Boundary displacements, I , were ~lsually determined from the schlieren patterns as described previously (3). 111 some experime~lts, the change in field strength across the boundary was slight, so that the latter was very diffuse and failed to attain a steady state in the tilnc required for it to move the length of the cell.…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…111 some experime~lts, the change in field strength across the boundary was slight, so that the latter was very diffuse and failed to attain a steady state in the tilnc required for it to move the length of the cell. I11 such cases, corrected fringe displacements from the Rayleigh integral fringe photographs were used (3). In all determinations, the gradients were sufficie~ltly symmetrical that the m a x i~n u~n ordinate could be considered to establish the boundary position \\.ithout significant error (5).…”

Section: E X P E R I M E N T a Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrolyte Environment on Divalent Tartrate Ion Mobility

Nichol¹,

Heikkinen²,

Glass³

1965

Can. J. Chem.

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The variation of the electrophoretic mobility, ZLT, of divalent tartrate ion with changing electrolyte environment has been studied. Mobilities were determined from boundary velocity ~neasurernents a t 1.00 "C in the Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus. The solutions used, which were adjusted to pH 8.3-8.5, \\.ere principally either 0.04667 ill CJ or 0.01 ill C?T -0.11 i l l Cry, where C+, T-, and A-are, respectively, a univalent cation, divalent tartrate ion, and a univalent anion. Iielative viscosities, a,,l, of a number of these solutions were also obtained. For a given anion environment, the variation of U T with clla~lging cation is characterized by a minimum a t sodium and a maximum a t tetra~nethylam~noilium for a series of six alkali metal and tetraalkylammonium ions. For the alBali metal cations and for tetrapropylammoniu~u ion, Z I T undergoes a distinct decrease \\.hen the solution is cha~iged froin 0.04667 i l l C?T to 0.01 ild C?T -0.11 M CC1. For all solutions containing an anion A-, ZIT decreases with illcreasing hydrocarbon content of A-for a given cation. Possible ion association, obstruction, and ion-solvent interaction effects are considered.In Dole's development of the steady state moving boundary theory for strong electrolytes (I), it is assumed that the mobilities of the ions in solutions of electrolytes vary by the same proportional factor with change in composition, that is, the relative mobilities are constant. This assunlption makes possible an elegant mathematical treatinent for the general case of n ions. Only the relative mobilities appear in the equations, since the ion mobilities themselves always occur in the fundamental moving boundary relationship as ratios. Thus, the inuch poorer assuinption of constant ion inobilities is avoided. The assumed constancy of relative inobilities is justified to the extent that the final results of a moving boundary experiment (boundary velocities and refractive index gradients), predicted froin the initial conditions by the Dole theory, have been found to agree to within lye or less of the observed values for uni-univalent electrolytes (2). Also, for simple systems involving weak electrolytes, the application of moving boundary theory, which includes the assumption that the relative mobilities of the ionic subspecies are constant, yields predictions in accord with observed results to within about lyo (3). Nevertheless, especially in experiments with strong electrolyte solutions containing inore highly charged ions, pronounced mobility changes can occur. For example, we have observed (Table 111) that the decrease of divalent tartrate ion mobility with increasing ionic strength varies markedly with the nature of the solutions in which it is measured. The value in 0.04667 i l l disodium tartrate is about 4y0 lower than that in 0.03333 116disodiuin tartrate, while in a n~ixture of 0.11 M sodium acetate and 0.01 M disodium tartrate, the decrease is about 13y0, although the change in ionic strength, 0.04 units, is the same in both cases. These

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Sample stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis: Principles, advantages and limitations

2000

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The principles of stacking procedures are described and their properties are discussed, including the fundamentals of the behavior of zone boundaries and the consequences of the self-correcting properties of boundaries in moving boundary electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, and zone electrophoresis. Further, the diverse possibilities of stacking procedures and the unavoidable destacking are described, and several examples of practically applied stacking procedures are given, besides many references to applications. Some limitations in the use of stacking procedures are discussed. The paper is arranged in such a way that it can serve both as an introduction into the field and as a reference overview.

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Weak Electrolyte Moving Boundary Systems Analogous to the Electrophoresis of Two Proteins

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

A novel isotachophoresis of cobalt and copper complexes by metal ion substitution reaction in a continuous moving chelation boundary

A novel isotachophoresis of cobalt and copper complexes by metal ion substitution reaction in a continuous moving chelation boundary

Effect of Electrolyte Environment on Divalent Tartrate Ion Mobility

Sample stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis: Principles, advantages and limitations

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