“We Were Best Friends, But . . . ”: Two Studies of Antipathetic Relationships Emerging From Broken Friendships

Abstract

Antipathetic relationships and friendships are common during adolescence. One type of antipathetic relationship that has received no empirical att en tion is one that emerges from a broken friendship. Two studies, a reana lysis of N. A. Card's previously published data (Study 1) and newly collected data (Study 2), investigated this topic through mixedmethods analysis of emerging adults' retrospective reports of relationships during high school. Qualitative analyses revealed jealousy, incompatibility, intimacyrule violations, and aggression as themes in the transformation of friendship to antipathy. Quantitative analyses revealed intimacyrule violations in the formation; relational aggression, competition, and avoidance during the maintenance; and continued contact following high school as more common for former friends. These findings highlight the dynamic relations between friendship and antipathy.

The development of adolescents’ friendships and antipathies: A longitudinal multivariate network test of balance theory

“…Although antipathies are inherently relational in nature, in only a few studies have they been treated from a social network perspective in which antipathies were examined together with positive peer relationships, revealing an interplay between the two types of relationships (Berger and Dijkstra, 2013;Casper and Card, 2010;Huitsing et al, , 2014. Casper and Card (2010) showed how friendship relationships might turn into antipathetic relationships; four other studies examined the specific network configurations underlying negative and positive peer relationships among students in primary school.…”

“…Casper and Card (2010) showed how friendship relationships might turn into antipathetic relationships; four other studies examined the specific network configurations underlying negative and positive peer relationships among students in primary school. Using advanced methods (i.e., social network analyses), Huitsing and colleagues showed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (Huitsing et al, 2014) that victims with the same bullies and bullies with the same http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2015.05.003 0378-8733/© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”

Mean Girls: Adolescent Female Athletes and Peer Conflict in Sport

“…Jealousy has been identified previously as a predictor of conflict in both female pre-adolescents (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995), and adolescents (Casper & Card, 2010). Kamphoff, Gill, and Huddleston (2005) found that jealousy on sport teams not only exists, but also can have a negative impact on team cohesion.…”

“…Similarly, coaches" perceptions of the Furthermore, longitudinal research is needed to determine the potential long-term outcomes of peer conflict in sport when performance is impacted for the entire group (e.g., through game exclusionary tactics), as well as how peer relationships may change over the course of a season, rather than at only one specific time as previous research has suggested that adolescent relationships are often characterized by negative components such as conflict (Smith & Weiss, 2002), and broken friendships (Casper & Card, 2010).…”

“…Participants identified feelings of jealousy, both within and outside of their sport, to be a primary cause of sport peer conflict. In developmental literature, jealousy has been operationalized as resentment toward a third party perceived as either removing, or attempting to remove, affections of a loved one (Casper & Card, 2010). Within sport, the primary source of jealousy was playing time/playing status (e.g.,, one girl earning a starting position over another).…”