‘We must send you a sample’—a Persian–European dialogue: insights into late nineteenth-century ceramic technology based on chemical analysis of tiles from the Ettehadieh house complex, Tehran, Iran

Matin, Moujan; Gholamnejad, Mohammad; Abkenar, Ali Nemati

doi:10.1098/rsnr.2020.0015

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The third type of spectrum (iii) appears to be typical of Safavid productions and we will call it (mixed) (earth) alkali glaze ((Pb)Ca-Na-K-G). Safavid tile glaze compositions are close to SiO2 50-70 wt%, Na2O 12 wt%, K2O 4 wt%, CaO 4 wt%, PbO 20-30 wt%, Al2O3 2 wt%, according to Matin, Gholamnejad and Akenar [72]. However, Crowe [73] reports a lead-free composition for a series of 37 measurements made on different blue-and-white Savafid tableware shards: SiO2 67.7 wt%, Na2O 12.9 wt%, K2O 2.8 wt%, CaO 4.9 wt%, Al2O3 2 wt%, MgO 3.1 wt%, and MnO 0.1 wt%.…”

Section: Raman Classification Of Glazementioning

confidence: 63%

Timurid, Ottoman, Safavid and Qajar Ceramics: Raman and Composition Classification of the Different Types of Glaze and Pigments

Colomban

Franci

2023

Minerals

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Raw materials significantly determine the final composition and properties of a fired ceramic. Raman analysis which characterizes micro- and nanostructures of (coloured) glazes, opacified or not, was applied to shards mostly collected before the 1960s, currently at the Louvre Museum, originated in Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iran and Central Asia, which are, for most of them, characterized by the use of black lines to separate coloured areas, and dated to the period between the 12th and 19th centuries. Measurements were carried out in the laboratory with a blue laser excitation and/or on the conservation site with a mobile device (green laser). Three types of glazes were identified by their nanostructure of the silicate network: (i) a lead-rich glaze analogous to that of Byzantine, Zirid to Hafsid and al-Andalus productions, (ii) a lead-alkali glaze typical of the Ottoman productions of Iznik-Kütahya, and (iii) a mixed (poor lead/lead-free)-alkali glaze typical of Safavid productions. The colour determines the precise composition of the glaze. The identification is not only based on the signature of the stretching mode of the SiO4 tetrahedron (position of the wavenumber of the component(s)) but also on the position and shape of the continuous luminescence of the Raman background, characteristic of the raw materials used. Lead-tin yellow, Fe-rich, Mn-rich and Cr-rich black pigments and opacifiers made of cassiterite and wollastonite were also identified. The results (type of glaze and deduced processing temperature) were discussed in the light of the ternary phase diagrams visualizing elemental composition determined in previous works and the microstructure examination on the polished section (defining single or multistep firing cycles). Continuity was highlighted on the one hand between the tiles of bursa, Edirne and Istanbul (Ottoman Iznik-like production) and on the other hand between those of Samarkand area (Timurid) and Iran. The procedure was then applied in the study of three objects (two dishes and a bowl) which are very representative of the productions of the Turkish-Persian cultural areas: a polychrome mina’i cup with decoration representing a rider, an Ottoman Iznik fritware with polychrome floral decoration, and a blue-and-white Safavid ceramic with a decoration representing a shrub.

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Section: Raman Classification Of Glazementioning

confidence: 63%

Timurid, Ottoman, Safavid and Qajar Ceramics: Raman and Composition Classification of the Different Types of Glaze and Pigments

Colomban

Franci

2023

Minerals

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“…764–765; Klesner et al, 2019, pp. 12–13; Matin et al, 2020, p. 21; Simsek & Geckinli, 2012, p. 925; Tite, 2011, p. 337).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scientific study of late Islamic blue‐white stonepaste wares of Iran

Zhang

et al. 2022

Archaeometry

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Blue-white stonepaste wares were an outgrowth of the bursting innovations of Near Eastern potters striving to imitate Chinese products during the Islamic period. Building on the results of previous research, this paper seeks to increase our knowledge of this type of ceramics by analyzing 16 Qajar period samples from Tepe Naderi in North Khorasan Province, Iran, with stereo microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It appears that the bodies of these samples are characterized by high silicon and high alkali, a hallmark of the traditional Iranian stonepaste. They are coated with transparent alkali glazes and colored with the chromogenic elements of Cr, Co, Fe and Mn derived from chromite, hematite and cobalt ferrite, the latter of which is the decomposed phase of cobaltite ore known from Qamsar in Iran. The provenance of these samples cannot be probed at present, however, due to the lack of study of contemporaneous ceramics in the Near East. K E Y W O R D S blue-white glaze, cobalt blue, Iran, Qajar period, stonepaste body

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“…The achievements of Iranian scientists and researchers were also recognised by the British Royal Society (Matin et. al, 2021;Bonakdarian, 2010).…”

Section: Science and Technology: A Lesson From The Islamic Republic O...mentioning

confidence: 94%

The Authenticity of Theology in Scientific and Technological Thinking

Anshory,

Ramli,

Awang

2023

Intellectual Discourse

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The deprivation of knowledge from the bond of true belief will destroy and ruin human life and nature. This has been demonstrated in the Western scientific and technological civilisations that dominate the world today. Western scientific civilisation today is the product of scientists who have no real faith in the Creator of the universe. Nevertheless, there are efforts among Western scientists who have awareness in this modern era, who began to take steps to restore the agenda of Science and Technology within the framework of religious beliefs. This literature-based study discovers many negative effects resulting from the absence of true theology in understanding Science and Technology, which is based on a secular understanding. Apart from that, this article also reveals the nature and appearance of Science and Technology that are firmly embroidered with natural theology leading to universal well-being.

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‘We must send you a sample’—a Persian–European dialogue: insights into late nineteenth-century ceramic technology based on chemical analysis of tiles from the Ettehadieh house complex, Tehran, Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Timurid, Ottoman, Safavid and Qajar Ceramics: Raman and Composition Classification of the Different Types of Glaze and Pigments

Timurid, Ottoman, Safavid and Qajar Ceramics: Raman and Composition Classification of the Different Types of Glaze and Pigments

A scientific study of late Islamic blue‐white stonepaste wares of Iran

The Authenticity of Theology in Scientific and Technological Thinking

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