We are Chronically Sleep Deprived

Bonnet, Michael H.; Arand, Donna L.

doi:10.1093/sleep/18.10.908

Cited by 384 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Nearly one third of adults report sleeping less than 6 h per night, leading some to suggest that we live in a sleepdeprived society. 52 Factors responsible for this situation include, among others, longer work days and longer commuting time, an increase in evening and night work, a decrease in physical activity, and the advent of television, the personal computer and the internet. 53 Thus, the dramatic increase in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes seems to have developed over the same period of time as the progressive decrease in self-reported sleep duration.…”

Section: Short Sleep Duration: Association With Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The glucostatic theory of appetite control and the risk of obesity and diabetes

Chaput

Tremblay

2008

Int J Obes

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More than 50 years ago, Jean Mayer proposed that changes in blood glucose concentrations or arteriovenous glucose differences are detected by glucoreceptors that affect energy intake. According to this theory, an increase in blood glucose concentrations results in increased feelings of satiety whereas a drop in blood glucose concentrations has the opposite effect. The pioneering work of Mayer has recently received support from our group as low glycemia has been shown to be linked with body weight gain prospectively and has been considered as a strong predictor of the amount of weight regained after weight loss. This state of mild hypoglycemia also predicts the increase in depressive symptoms with weight loss and a greater propensity to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes, particularly for individuals having short sleep durations. Furthermore, knowledgebased work has been shown to induce a significant increase in spontaneous energy intake being related to changes in glycemic control. In accordance with the glucostatic theory, this oriented review suggests that factors favoring a trend toward hypoglycemia and/or glucose instability might induce excess energy intake, overweight and impaired glucose tolerance. Data also raise the possibility that fat gain might be protective against mild hypoglycemia by providing compensation to the stimuli promoted by a modern environment. Keywords: body weight; glycemia; glucose homeostasis; glucose intolerance; metabolism; weight gainThe identification of the biochemical basis for hunger and meal initiation, and of the signals controlling these neurobiological processes have been the subject of extensive research and debate for some decades regarding the control of food intake. These studies led to the classical lipostatic, 1 aminostatic, 2 and thermostatic 3 theories of food intake control as well as more recent hypotheses. [4][5][6] However, all of these theoretical ideas were preceded by the notion that glucose uptake and utilization played a central and metabolically privileged role in the control of hunger, satiety and the regulation of body energy balance. Although these notions were first discussed and suggested by Carlson in a classic text published in 1916, 7 they were formalized by Jean Mayer into the classical glucostatic theory in the mid 1950s. 8,9 The glucostatic theory of food intake control postulated that reduced glucose utilization in critical brain regions leads to perception and expression of hunger, and increased glucose utilization in these same glucosensitive sites leads to decreased hunger and cessation of eating. Mayer proposed that decreased glucose utilization or 'metabolic hypoglycemia', the point at which the peripheral arteriovenous difference in blood glucose becomes negligible and glucose is no longer entering 'metabolizing cells', was the signal for meal initiation. In his 1955 paper, Mayer explicitly argued that the glucostatic theory would account for the short-term control of hunger and food intake, whereas he invoked a lipostatic mechanism...

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Section: Short Sleep Duration: Association With Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The glucostatic theory of appetite control and the risk of obesity and diabetes

Chaput

Tremblay

2008

Int J Obes

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“…While vigilance as we have defined it is conceptually distinct from arousal, most research on vigilance has, in fact, studied alterations in arousal through the use of subjects who are sleepdeprived, have sleep disorders, or are taking sedative medications. This problem is compounded by the fact that relative sleep-deprivation is common in the overtly healthy population (Bonnet and Arand, 1995b;Levine et al, 1988) contributing to healthy subjects becoming drowsy during performance of a prolonged, often tedious task. Thus, the aspect of vigilance distinct from arousal that requires a normally awake person to attend to a task for a prolonged period has not been as well-studied physiologicially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Oken

Salinsky

Elsas

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

660

463

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Vigilance is a term with varied definitions but the most common usage is sustained attention or tonic alertness. This usage of vigilance implies both the degree of arousal on the sleep-wake axis and the level of cognitive performance. There are many interacting neural and neurotransmitter systems that affect vigilance. Most studies of vigilance have relied on states where the sleep-wake state is altered, e.g. drowsiness, sleep-deprivation, and CNS-active drugs, but there are factors ranging from psychophysics to motivation that may impact vigilance. While EEG is the most commonly studied physiologic measure of vigilance, various measures of eye movement and of autonomic nervous system activity have also been used. This review paper discusses the underlying neural basis of vigilance and its assessment using physiologic tools. Since, assessment of vigilance requires assessment of cognitive function this aspect is also discussed.

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“…Moreover, a third of adults sleep less than six hours a night. 17 Different causes could explain the association between sleep loss and obesity. Studies with adults have shown associations between inadequate sleep and alterations in leptin and/or ghrelin indicative of increased appetite.…”

Section: Chronodisruption: Causes and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronobiology and Obesity

2013

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CRONOBIOLOGÍA Y OBESIDAD ResumenCronobiología es una palabra de origen griego: kronos significa tiempo, bios, vida y logos, estudio. A partir de los estudios de microarrays, se acepta en la actualidad que del 10 al 30% del genoma humano queda bajo el control de relojes moleculares circadianos. Este implica que la expresión de la mayor parte de las variables de la conducta, psicológicas y bioquímicas muestran ritmos circadianos. En su forma más sencilla, los relojes circadianos están compuestos por un conjunto de proteínas que generan oscilaciones circadianas auto-mantenidas. El reloj molecular comprende dos factores de trascripción, CLOCK y BMAL1, mientras que los PERs y los CRYs son responsables de la fracción negativa. Una de las preguntas más importantes relacionadas con el sistema circadiano y la obesidad fue dilucidar si el tejido adiposo mostraba un ritmo circadiano o si poseía un reloj perifé-rico interno. Nuestro grupo de investigación proporcionó una visión de conjunto del orden temporal interno de los ritmos circadianos del tejido adiposo humano.Un nuevo concepto relacionado con la enfermedad es el de cronodisrupción (CD). Se define como una alteración relevante del orden temporal interno de los ritmos circadianos fisiológicos y conductuales. En nuestra sociedad moderna, la CD podría ser frecuente en diversos trastornos como el jet lag, el trabajo a turnos, la luz nocturna o el jet lag social. Además, los polimorfismos de los genes horarios y el envejecimiento también podrían tener efectos de cronodisrupción. Nuestro grupo también ha demostrado que la obesidad y la CD están muy interconectadas. Con la ayuda de la cronobiología podemos llegar a un nuevo enfoque de la obesidad, considerando no solamente "cuáles" son los factores implicados en la obesidad, sino también "cuándo" se producen estos factores. Nutr Hosp 2013; 28 (Supl. 5):114-120Palabras clave: Cronobiología. Obesidad. Cronodisrupción. Epigenética. Tejido adiposo humano. AbstractChronobiology is a word derived from three Greek stems: kronos for time, bios for life and logos for study. From microarrays studies, now it is accepted that 10-30% of the human genome is under the control of circadian molecular clocks. This implies that most behavioral, physiological and biochemical variables display circadian rhythms in their expression. In its simplest form, circadian clocks are composed of a set of proteins that generate selfsustained circadian oscillations. The molecular clock comprises two transcription factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, whereas PERs and CRYs are responsible for the negative limb. One of the most important questions related to the circadian system and obesity, was to elucidate if adipose tissue displayed circadian rhythmicity or whether it had an internal peripheral clock. Our group of research has provided an overall view of the internal temporal order of circadian rhythms in human adipose tissue.A new concept related to illness is Chronodisruption (CD). It is defined as a relevant disturbance of the internal temporal order of physiologi...

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We are Chronically Sleep Deprived

Cited by 384 publications

References 18 publications

The glucostatic theory of appetite control and the risk of obesity and diabetes

The glucostatic theory of appetite control and the risk of obesity and diabetes

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Chronobiology and Obesity

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