We and herbivores eat endophytes

Martı́nez-Romero, Esperanza; Aguirre-Noyola, José Luis; Bustamante-Brito, Rafael; González-Román, Pilar; Hernández-Oaxaca, Diana; Higareda‐Alvear, Victor M.; Montes-Carreto, Leslie M.; Martínez‐Romero, Julio; Rosenblueth, Mónica; Servín-Garcidueñas, Luis E.

doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13688

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Transiting through the gut of herbivores and omnivores is part of the lifecycle of such nomadic bacteria. 15 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly known as Lactobacillus plantarum ) and Pediococcus acidilactici are two such species of lactic acid bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of novel probiotic formulation in adult Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Gutiérrez‐Castrellón

Gandara-Martí

Abreu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Probiotics have been proposed as adjuvants for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid19) but randomized controlled trials (RCT) are lacking. Methods: Single-center, quadruple-blinded RCT. Symptomatic Covid 19 outpatients (aged 18 to 60 years) with positive SARS-CoV2 nucleic acids test were randomized to active (n=150; ≥2x109 colony-forming units (CFU) of probiotic strains Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP022, KABP023 and KAPB033, plus strain Pediococcus acidilactici KABP021) or placebo (n=150), take orally once daily for 30 days. Oral acetaminophen was allowed and controlled as co-intervention. Primary endpoint included: i) proportion of patients in complete remission (both symptoms and nucleic acids test) or progressing to moderate or severe disease with hospitalization; ii) death rate and duration on Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Safety was assessed in all patients. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04517422). Findings: 300 subjects were randomized (median age 37.0 years [range 18 to 60], 161 [53.7%] women, 126 [42.0%] having known metabolic risk factors), and 293 completed the study (97.7%). Remission was achieved by 78 of 147 (53.1%) in the active group compared to 41 of 146 (28.1%) in placebo (P<0.0001; ARR=25.0% [95%CI 14.1-35.9%]), still significant after multiplicity correction for the primary endpoint. No hospitalizations or deaths occurred during the study, precluding the assessment of efficacy on these endpoints. No serious adverse events occurred during the study. Replication studies with this probiotic formula are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of novel probiotic formulation in adult Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Gutiérrez‐Castrellón

Gandara-Martí

Abreu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In addition, genera such as Unclassified_o_Pleosporales, Erythrobasidium and Trimmatostroma are abundant in the faeces and expand with the development of pandas, and most of these fungi in the intestines are pathogenic of plant origin [ 35 , 36 ], but interestingly, the fungal flora structure in the intestines of giant pandas has always been relatively uniform. Martinez-Romero et al have also found that the plant endophytes could form a stably and functionally microbial structure during long-term interaction with herbivorous animals [ 37 , 38 ]. There were no obviously predominant genera to colonize the intestines of giant pandas for a long time, which might be also a self-protection mechanism of the host for defending the conditional pathogenic microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession of Intestinal Microbial Structure of Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during Different Developmental Stages and Its Correlation with Cellulase Activity

Wang¹,

Zhan

Enle³

2021

Animals

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The interaction between intestinal microbial flora and giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is indispensable for the healthy development of giant pandas. In this study, we analysed the diversity of bacteria and fungi in the intestines of six giant pandas (two pandas in each development stage) with a high-throughput sequencing technique to expand the relative variation in abundance of dominant microbes and potential cellulose-degradation genera in the intestines of the giant pandas and to explore the correlation between dominant microbial genera in the intestines and cellulose digestion activities of giant pandas. The results showed that the intestinal bacterial diversity of young giant pandas was higher than that of sub-adult and adult giant pandas, and Shannon’s diversity index was about 2.0. The intestinal bacterial diversity of giant pandas from sub-adult to adult (mature stage) stage showed an increasing trend, but the intestinal fungal diversity showed no considerable regular relations with their ages. The microbial composition and abundance of giant pandas changed in different developmental stages. Pearson correlation analysis and path analysis showed that there was a close relationship between the dominant microbes in the intestines of giant pandas, and the interaction between microbial genera might affect the cellulose digestion ability of giant pandas. Generally, the digestibility of cellulose degraders in pandas was still insufficient, with low enzymic activity and immature microbial structure. Therefore, the utilization and digestion of bamboo cellulose still might not be a main source of energy for pandas.

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“…As an herbivore, the volcano rabbit would feed on plants that contain endophytes which may become part of the gut microbiota. This occurs in other herbivorous animals' endophytes that have tannases and enzymes to degrade plant cell wall components (Martinez-Romero et al, 2021). A critical issue that should be considered is whether the microbiota identified from herbivorous animals represent bona fide gut bacteria or reflect endophytes that are still contained within the plant tissue fragments macerated during DNA extraction.…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fecal ingestion would allow a second digestion of plant fibers, a process that could be considered analogous to ruminant digestion. Coprophagy is as well a very efficient way to recycle gut microbiota (Martinez-Romero et al, 2021). In most lagomorph studies, Firmicutes were found as the most abundant bacteria (North, Zotte & Hoffman, 2019;Stalder et al, 2019;Velasco-Galilea et al, 2018) followed by Bacteroidetes (North, Zotte & Hoffman, 2019;Stalder et al, 2019), although Crowley et al (2017) found that both Bacteroides and Firmicutes were equally abundant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to describe the microbes found in the volcano rabbit feces to assess their role in plant fiber and tannin degradation, because tannins are important constituents of their diet. We surmised that the fecal microbiome of the volcano rabbit would reflect its herbivorous diet as observed in other animals (Martinez-Romero et al, 2021) with a plethora of genes encoding enzymes to degrade plant fibers and phenolics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse methanogens, bacteria and tannase genes in the feces of the endangered volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi)

Montes-Carreto

Aguirre-Noyola

Solís-García

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background The volcano rabbit is the smallest lagomorph in Mexico, it is monotypic and endemic to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is classified as endangered by Mexican legislation and as critically endangered by the IUCN, in the Red List. Romerolagus diazi consumes large amounts of grasses, seedlings, shrubs, and trees. Pines and oaks contain tannins that can be toxic to the organisms which consume them. The volcano rabbit microbiota may be rich in bacteria capable of degrading fiber and phenolic compounds. Methods We obtained the fecal microbiome of three adults and one young rabbit collected in Coajomulco, Morelos, Mexico. Taxonomic assignments and gene annotation revealed the possible roles of different bacteria in the rabbit gut. We searched for sequences encoding tannase enzymes and enzymes associated with digestion of plant fibers such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Results The most representative phyla within the Bacteria domain were: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for the young rabbit sample (S1) and adult rabbit sample (S2), which was the only sample not confirmed by sequencing to correspond to the volcano rabbit. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were found in adult rabbit samples S3 and S4. The most abundant phylum within the Archaea domain was Euryarchaeota. The most abundant genera of the Bacteria domain were Lachnoclostridium (Firmicutes) and Acinetobacter (Proteobacteria), while Methanosarcina predominated from the Archaea. In addition, the potential functions of metagenomic sequences were identified, which include carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We obtained genes encoding enzymes for plant fiber degradation such as endo 1,4 β-xylanases, arabinofuranosidases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases. We also found 18 bacterial tannase sequences.

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We and herbivores eat endophytes

Abstract: Here a cycle of endophytic‐enteric‐soil‐endophytic microbes is proposed which has relevance for health and comprises the fate of animal faeces as natural microbial inoculants for plants that constitute bacterial sources for animal guts.

Cited by 28 publications

References 192 publications

Efficacy and safety of novel probiotic formulation in adult Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Efficacy and safety of novel probiotic formulation in adult Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Succession of Intestinal Microbial Structure of Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during Different Developmental Stages and Its Correlation with Cellulase Activity

Diverse methanogens, bacteria and tannase genes in the feces of the endangered volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi)

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