WD repeat domain 76 predicts poor prognosis in lower grade glioma and provides an original target for immunotherapy

Abstract

Background The WD40 repeat (WDR) domain provides scaffolds for numerous protein–protein interactions in multiple biological processes. WDR domain 76 (WDR76) has complex functionality owing to its diversified interactions; however, its mechanism in LGG has not yet been reported. Methods Transcriptomic data from public databases were multifariously analyzed to explore the role of WDR76 in LGG pathology and tumor immunity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to confirm these results. Results The results first confirmed that high expression of WDR76 in LGG was not only positively associated with clinical and molecular features of malignant LGG, but also served as an independent prognostic factor that predicted shorter survival in patients with LGG. Furthermore, high expression of WDR76 resulted in the upregulation of oncogenes, such as PRC1 and NUSAP1, and the activation of oncogenic mechanisms, such as the cell cycle and Notch signaling pathway. Finally, WDR76 was shown to be involved in LGG tumor immunity by promoting the infiltration of immune cells, such as M2 macrophages, and the expression of immune checkpoints, such as PDCD1 (encoding PD-1). Conclusions This study shows for the first time the diagnostic and prognostic value of WDR76 in LGG and provides a novel personalized biomarker for future targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Thus, WDR76 may significantly improve the prognosis of patients with LGG.