“…For the amplitude compensation, directional illumination is needed for a limited acquisition aperture and is critical in balancing the image amplitude, especially for weak interfaces in poorly illuminated regions. Illumination-based true-amplitude, true-reflection migration methods also have been studied extensively ͑Wu et Audebert et al, 2005;Wu, 2005, 2008;Lecomte 2008͒. With new advancements in seismic acquisition for 3D surveys, some illumination studies have been carried out for 3D cases ͑e.g., Fontecha et al, 2005;Alai and Thorbecke, 2008;Droujinine et al, 2008͒ and for a 3D vertical seismic profiling ͑VSP͒ data set ͑e.g., Yu et al, 2005͒. However, the present methods, such as the local planewave decomposition, have poor efficiency for 3D data sets.…”