Abstract:We describe two different ways to spin resolved measurements of charge delocalization times by resonant photoemission. The first approach is based on spin selective population of the core-to-bound resonance, and the second on spin resolved detection of the emitted decay electrons. Whereas the first method requires distinct electronic properties of the material under investigation, no such limitations exist for the second approach. In particular, it can be used for studies of organic materials containing the li… Show more
“…Moreover, bulk band structures of crystals can be determined by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) combined with photon-energy dependent measurements [40]. Resonant photoemission measurements [41,42] and corehole clock measurements [43,44] are other photoelectron spectroscopy techniques where the photon energy tunability is used.…”
Section: Trxps and Spv A Time-resolved Xpsmentioning
Establishing an accurate view of the photocatalytic mechanism of titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been a challenging task since the discovery of the Honda-Fujishima effect. Despite the great success of catalytic studies in elucidating the chemical and physical aspects of photocatalysis, many questions remain. A surface science approach, which is characterized by the use of atomically well-defined surfaces in precisely controlled environments, is a powerful tool to shed light on the fundamental mechanism, especially the dynamics of photoexcited carriers. In the present contribution, recent progress in photocatalytic research that correlates photocatalytic activity and carrier dynamics on rutile and anatase TiO2 is reviewed. A special focus is placed on the lifetime of photoexcited carriers. We present a method to determine the carrier lifetime; pump-probe time-resolved soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, utilizing an ultraviolet laser as a pump light and a synchrotron radiation as a probe light. The carrier lifetime is found to be linearly correlated with the photocatalytic decomposition/desorption rate of acetic acid adsorbed on single-crystal TiO2 surfaces. The important role of a potential barrier on the TiO2 surface, which influences the carrier lifetime and the photocatalytic activity, is discussed.
“…Moreover, bulk band structures of crystals can be determined by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) combined with photon-energy dependent measurements [40]. Resonant photoemission measurements [41,42] and corehole clock measurements [43,44] are other photoelectron spectroscopy techniques where the photon energy tunability is used.…”
Section: Trxps and Spv A Time-resolved Xpsmentioning
Establishing an accurate view of the photocatalytic mechanism of titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been a challenging task since the discovery of the Honda-Fujishima effect. Despite the great success of catalytic studies in elucidating the chemical and physical aspects of photocatalysis, many questions remain. A surface science approach, which is characterized by the use of atomically well-defined surfaces in precisely controlled environments, is a powerful tool to shed light on the fundamental mechanism, especially the dynamics of photoexcited carriers. In the present contribution, recent progress in photocatalytic research that correlates photocatalytic activity and carrier dynamics on rutile and anatase TiO2 is reviewed. A special focus is placed on the lifetime of photoexcited carriers. We present a method to determine the carrier lifetime; pump-probe time-resolved soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, utilizing an ultraviolet laser as a pump light and a synchrotron radiation as a probe light. The carrier lifetime is found to be linearly correlated with the photocatalytic decomposition/desorption rate of acetic acid adsorbed on single-crystal TiO2 surfaces. The important role of a potential barrier on the TiO2 surface, which influences the carrier lifetime and the photocatalytic activity, is discussed.
“…Along these lines, the spin dependence of electron transfer across interfaces must be understood in detail. While advances in free-electron lasing yield new opportunities to directly resolve such ultrafast processes in time, current experiments based on the core-hole-clock technique − are readily able to access spin-resolved charge transfer times down to the subfemtosecond domain , through spin selective excitation or detection , in the energy domain.…”
The
injection of spin-polarized electrons across interfaces is
central to many technologies, and hence, it is important to understand
the main ingredients controlling it. Here, we demonstrate that the
spin dependence of ultrafast electron transfer at Ar/Co(0001) and
Ar/Fe(110) interfaces is rooted in the details of the spin-split surface
band structures. The injection dynamics are particularly sensitive
to the sizes (in reciprocal space) of projected electronic band gaps
around Γ̅. Our ab initio calculations
back that minority electrons are injected significantly faster than
majority electrons in line with recently reported experimental injection
times. A simple tunnelling model incorporating the spin-dependent
gap sizes confirms that this ingredient is crucial to rationalize
the experimental results.
“…Along these lines, the spin-dependence of electron transfer across interfaces must be understood in detail. While advances in free-electron lasing yield new opportunities to directly resolve such ultrafast processes in time [2], current experiments based on the core-hole-clock technique [4][5][6] are readily able to access spin-resolved charge transfer times down to the sub-femtosecond domain [7,8] through spin selective excitation [9] or detection [10,11] in the energy domain.…”
Recent core-hole-clock experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 086801 (2014)] showed that the spin dependence of electron injection times at Ar/Co(0001) and Ar/Fe(110) interfaces is at variance with the expectations based on previous calculations for related systems. Here we reconcile theory and experiment, and demonstrate that the observed dependence is rooted in the details of the spin-split surface band structures. Our ab initio calculations back that minority electrons are injected significantly faster than majority electrons in line with the experimentally reported ultrashort injection times. The dynamics is particularly sensitive to the size (in reciprocal-space) of the projected band gaps around Γ for both substrates at the resonance energies. A simple tunneling model incorporating the spin-dependent gap sizes further supports these findings.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.