Ways of Application of the Circular Bioeconomy in the Wine Industry

Abstract

The article reviews the conventional (composting, landspreading, tartaric acid, and grapeseed oil production) and novel ways of winemaking by-products biomass conversion with the manufacturing of value-added products to solve the disposal problem and bring extra profit to producers. Winemaking waste may be used to make biopolymers - bacterial polymers that work as a plastic alternative, and can also be utilized to make biocomposites or serve as natural fillers. It showed to be a good substrate for microorganisms for the generation of biofuels from winery waste and is the most promising, economical, and ecologically friendly option. In biotechnological applications, it can be used for the production of microbial polysaccharides, alcohols, organic acids, and enzymes, as well as single-cell protein and protein-rich fungi. The available studies indicate that it is possible to create pharmaceuticals with multiple properties of preventing or treating obesity and multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, allergies, and also benefit gut microbiota. The red grape marc can be used in manufacturing encapsulated natural pigments, applicable for baked products, dairy, soft drinks, and pasta making it a feasible alternative to synthetic colorants. Considering the available opportunities, it is advised the development of industrial technologies and quality standards for the available studies introduction.