Way finding during fire evacuation; an analysis of unannounced fire drills in a hotel at night

Kobes, Margrethe; Helsloot, Ira; Vries, Bauke de; Post, Jos; Oberije, N; Groenewegen, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.07.004

Cited by 199 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a study conducted by Kobes et al, it examined how people determined evacuation paths, during fire related situations, through a series of tests that were conducted in a hotel building at night [1]. According to the research, 56.3% of people determined evacuation paths depending on exit signs when there was no smoke present; however, 81.8% determined an evacuation path depending on exit signs when their visibility was impaired due to smoke.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Cho¹,

Lee²,

Won³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC)

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Previous studies on automated fire-egress guidance systems have focused on providing the shortest path information from a specific person at a certain point to the closest exit mostly using a mobile device. This study aims to develop a Smart Exit Sign system that can detect dangerous areas in real time and direct evacuees to the shortest safe evacuation path by dynamically changing the direction signs to the safe egress. The challenge was to provide the shortest safe egress to any evacuees at any point. We have developed a sensor network and algorithm that could exclude unsafe paths and calculate the shortest safe path from multiple starting points to multiple exit points based on Dijkstra's algorithm-the most commonly used algorithm for finding the shortest path. The validity of the proposed system was tested through simulations of test cases.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Cho¹,

Lee²,

Won³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC)

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“…Situational awareness about changes in building components' conditions can minimize the uncertainty in finding directions and improve safety [18]. Many studies have focused on network modeling, indoor navigation and route finding [19,20] based on the shortest path [21]. In addition, some studies have used dynamic data about people, to find less congested paths [15,22].…”

Section: Building Fire and Evacuation Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending IFC for Fire Emergency Real-Time Management Using Sensors and Occupant Information

Eftekharirad¹,

Nik-Bakht²,

Hammad³

2018

EasyChair Preprints

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-The increasing complexity of buildings has brought some difficulties for emergency response. When fires occur in a building, limited perception regarding the disaster area and occupants can increase the probability of injuries and damages. Thus, the availability of comprehensive and timely information may help understand the existing conditions and plan an efficient evacuation. For this purpose, Building Information Modeling (BIM) should be integrated with three sets of information: (1) occupancy that defines the type of space usage; (2) occupants' information; and (3) sensory data. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), as a standard of BIM, has the definitions for all areas, volumes, and elements of a building. IFC also has the basic definitions of sensor and occupant entities. However, these entities do not provide enough dynamic and accurate information for supporting emergency management systems. This paper aims to extend IFC for fire emergency real-time management using sensors and occupants' information. The specific objectives of this paper are: (1) extending IfcSensor entity for occupant's sensors; (2) adding new attributes to IfcOccupant to support emergency response operations and defining a new entity for occupancy; and (3) defining the relationships between sensors, occupants, occupancy, time series, and building components in the context of building evacuation. The feasibility of the proposed method is discussed using a case study.

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“…(2) In the research the fire dynamics data was simulated in combination with three-dimensional rendering technology to generate a real and accurate virtual fire smoke environment. Smoke impairs the vision of trapped people and firefighters in evacuation or rescue, which makes it hard to identify exits and hence impedes evaluation [7]. Therefore in the virtual fire drill, accurate smoke simulation is crucial to the success of an effective evacuation or rescue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-role collaborative fire drill simulation with smoke risk evaluation

Chen¹,

Lin²

2018

Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 201

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Abstract. Fire is one of the major disasters that often happen in the cities. It causes serious economic losses and casualties. Smoke is the main cause of death in fire and it is difficult to be simulated in the traditional way of fire drill. A multi-role collaborative fire drill simulation system was developed on the basis of virtual reality and server engine technology. The system consists of the client end and the server end. In the client end, the realization of the virtual fire scenes is based on the VIZARD software, which allows the trainees to experience a realistic and yet non-threatening fire scenes. The KBENGINE framework is used to enable multi-role synchronous login, the participants can collaborate in a virtual fire drill without time or space constraints. In order to carry out effective virtual training, Fire dynamics data and three-dimensional rendering technology has been especially designed to create a realistic and accurate smoke environment. The smoke risk evaluation model was introduced to assess the safety of different evacuation routes so that trainees could identify the safest route to escape. The test results show that the system has good performance and high accuracy, which helps trainees learn the knowledge of firefighting in the low-cost, high-security, high-fidelity and repeatable virtual environment, and accumulate the real-world firefighting combat experience.

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Way finding during fire evacuation; an analysis of unannounced fire drills in a hotel at night

Cited by 199 publications

References 14 publications

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Extending IFC for Fire Emergency Real-Time Management Using Sensors and Occupant Information

Multi-role collaborative fire drill simulation with smoke risk evaluation

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Way finding during fire evacuation; an analysis of unannounced fire drills in a hotel at night

Cited by 199 publications

References 14 publications

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Extending IFC for Fire Emergency Real-Time Management Using Sensors and Occupant Information

Multi-role collaborative fire drill simulation with smoke risk evaluation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign

Application of Dijkstras Algorithm in the Smart Exit Sign