Wax secretion in non-diapausing and diapausing pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Bell, Robert A.; Nelson, Dennis R.; Borg, Thomas K.; Cardwell, Diana L.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(75)90186-9

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, previous studies have also found increased surface hydrocarbons (Bell et al 1975;Coudron & Nelson 1981;Kaneko & Katagiri 2004) and in some cases also decreased water loss rates (Yoder & Denlinger 1991b;Benoit & Denlinger 2007) specifically associated with diapause. Increased production of epicuticular lipids thus appears to be a common component of both diapause and aestivation (dry season diapause) in insects (Tauber et al 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictus

et al. 2010

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Photoperiodic diapause is a crucial adaptation to seasonal environmental variation in a wide range of arthropods, but relatively little is known regarding the molecular basis of this important trait. In temperate populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, exposure to short-day (SD) lengths causes the female to produce diapause eggs. Tropical populations do not undergo a photoperiodic diapause. We identified a fatty acyl coA elongase transcript that is more abundant under SD versus long-day (LD) photoperiods in mature oocyte tissue of replicate temperate, but not tropical, A. albopictus populations. Fatty acyl CoA elongases are involved in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids (hydrocarbon precursors). Diapause eggs from a temperate population had one-third more surface hydrocarbons and one-half the water loss rates of non-diapause eggs. Eggs from a tropical population reared under SD and LD photoperiods did not differ in surface hydrocarbon abundance or water loss rates. In both a temperate and tropical population, composition of hydrocarbon chain lengths did not differ between eggs from SD versus LD conditions. These results implicate the expression of fatty acyl coA elongase and changes in quantity, but not composition, of egg surface hydrocarbons as important components of increased desiccation resistance during diapause in A. albopictus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictus

et al. 2010

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“…Cuticular water loss is primarily regulated by the amount and Hadley, 1994;Gibbs, 1998). Dormant stages of insects, which are at risk of dehydration, such as larvae of the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Yoder et al, 1992), the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Bell et al, 1975;Coudron and Nelson, 1981) and the moth Mamestra configurata (Hegdekar, 1979), increase the amount of their epicuticular lipids to diminish water loss. Epicuticular hydrocarbons increase 40-fold in E. solidaginis from late summer to midwinter (D. R. Nelson and R. E. Lee, 2004) and may have contributed to the rapid phase one decrease rates of water loss (Fig.·2D).…”

Section: Linking Cold Tolerance and Desiccation Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Partial link between the seasonal acquisition of cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance in the goldenrod gall flyEurosta solidaginis(Diptera: Tephritidae)

Williams

Ruehl

Lee

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Possible links between seasonal increases in cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance were examined in field-collected larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis. From 20 September to 30 October 2001, larvae exhibited a gradual increase in cold-tolerance culminating in 100% survival of freezing at –20°C for 24 h. The increase in cold-tolerance was probably due to a concomitant increase in cryoprotectants as measured by hemolymph osmolality (488–695 mOsmol kg–1). In contrast to the gradual increase in cold-tolerance, larvae exhibited two distinct phases of reduced rates of water loss. The first phase was an abrupt sixfold decrease to 0.57 μg mm–2 h–1 between 3 and 16 October. The first phase of reduced rates of water loss was not correlated with changes in cold-tolerance; nor was it correlated with hemolymph osmolality and body water content, which remained constant throughout the study. The reduction in rates of water loss during the first phase were probably the result of decreased respiratory water loss as the larvae entered diapause, and possibly reduced cuticular water loss as larvae increased the amount of their cuticular hydrocarbons. Interestingly, the first phase of reduced water loss was associated with, and may have been cued by, a reduction in the water potential of the gall tissues surrounding the larvae. The second phase was a more subtle fourfold reduction in rates of water loss occurring between 16 October and 11 December. In contrast to the first phase,the second phase of increased desiccation resistance correlated closely with increases in hemolymph osmolality (568–870 mOsmol kg–1). The correlation between seasonal increases in hemolymph osmolality and reduction in rates of water loss may represent a link between desiccation resistance and cold-tolerance in this species.

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“…In Manduca sexta and Pieris rapae crucivora, electron microscopic scans revealed differences in the microstructure of the body surface (Bell et al 1975;Kono 1973). In M. sexta, morphological differences were due to the quantity of wax secreted on the epicuticle (Bell et al 1975), while in P. rapae crucivora, they were the consequence of a difference in the epicuticular wax components (Kaneko and Katagiri 2004). In Pieris brassicae, a difference in weight was reported: diapause pupae are about 24% heavier than non-diapause pupae (Pullin and Bale 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the colour of nondiapause pupae of some species can vary depending on the substrate colour (Hazel and West 1983;Tanaka and Tsubaki 1984;Danks 1987, also available at http://www.ualberta.ca/ bsc/english/insectdormancy.htm). In Manduca sexta and Pieris rapae crucivora, electron microscopic scans revealed differences in the microstructure of the body surface (Bell et al 1975;Kono 1973). In M. sexta, morphological differences were due to the quantity of wax secreted on the epicuticle (Bell et al 1975), while in P. rapae crucivora, they were the consequence of a difference in the epicuticular wax components (Kaneko and Katagiri 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method to discriminate diapause from non-diapause pupae in large and small white butterflies, Pieris brassicae and P. rapae crucivora

Kaneko

Katagiri

2006

Naturwissenschaften

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Differences in colour and shape have been used to discriminate diapause pupae from non-diapause pupae in butterflies. In the present study, we describe a simple discrimination method based on differences in the specific gravity of diapause and non-diapause pupae of large and small white butterflies, Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae crucivora. When put into water, diapause pupae sink to the bottom (specific gravity is above 1.0), whereas non-diapause pupae float on the surface (specific gravity is below 1.0). Nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging revealed that this difference in specific gravity is due to a difference in the volume of an internal cavity located between the thorax and the abdomen in the pupae. The cavity appears quite early in development. We also examined the cavity in pupae of the unrelated swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, and found a similar cavity. However, in this species, the cavity is very small and, as a consequence, non-diapause as well as diapause pupae sink in water.

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Wax secretion in non-diapausing and diapausing pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictus

The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictus

Partial link between the seasonal acquisition of cold-tolerance and desiccation resistance in the goldenrod gall flyEurosta solidaginis(Diptera: Tephritidae)

A simple method to discriminate diapause from non-diapause pupae in large and small white butterflies, Pieris brassicae and P. rapae crucivora

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