Wax in Asphalt: A comprehensive literature review

Kovinich, Jen; Kuhn, Aiden; Wong, Alison; Ding, Haibo; Hesp, Simon A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128011

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…One explanation is that the addition of lightweight components alters how bitumen segments move and the system’s free volume, improving the modified bitumen’s resistance to deformation at low temperatures [ 25 , 40 ]. Meanwhile, the high content of light components in LC gives it excellent softening ability at high temperatures, but at low temperatures, it cures as easily as wax and may even destroy the properties of bitumen [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effect of Polyphosphates Acid and Different Compounds of Waste Cooking Oil on Conventional and Rheological Properties of Modified Bitumen

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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In order to conserve non-renewable natural resources, waste cooking oil (WCO) in bitumen can help lower CO2 emissions and advance the environmental economy. In this study, three different components of WCO were isolated and then, together with polyphosphoric acid (PPA), used separately as bitumen modifiers to determine the suitability of various substances in WCO with PPA. Conventional tests, including penetration, softening point temperature, and ductility, and the dynamic shear rheology (DSR) test, including temperature sweep and frequency sweep, were used to evaluate the influence of WCO/PPA on the traditional performance and rheological properties at high and low temperatures. The results indicate that WCO reduced the ductility and penetration value, when the use of PPA increased the softening point temperature and high-temperature performance. Compared to reference bitumen, the rutting factor and viscous activation energy (Ea) of bitumen modified with 4% WCO and 2% PPA has the most significant increase by 18.6% and 31.5, respectively. All components of WCO have a significant impact on improving the low-temperature performance of PPA-modified bitumen. The performance of the composite-modified bitumen at low temperatures is negatively affected by some waxy compounds in WCO, such as methyl palmitate, which tends to undergo a solid–liquid phase change as the temperature decreases. In conclusion, the inclusion of WCO/PPA in bitumen offers a fresh approach to developing sustainable pavement materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergistic Effect of Polyphosphates Acid and Different Compounds of Waste Cooking Oil on Conventional and Rheological Properties of Modified Bitumen

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…N-alkanes are usually defined as the wax component of the asphalt binder, and the wax component of adhesives is an essential factor in this temperature sensitivity. Although the proportion in asphalt is small, the temperature change process is enough to cause asphalt phase transformation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the proportion in asphalt is small, the temperature change process is enough to cause asphalt phase transformation. 10 Under high temperature, transition temperature, and lowtemperature conditions, the phase transition range of asphalt is solid/liquid phase transformation and solid/solid phase transition. Currently, the study of asphalt phase transformation focuses on the volume change of asphalt in temperature change.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Phase Transition Mechanism in Asphalt Binders

Qiu

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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To better understand the mechanism of precipitation and dissolution of the crystalline wax in asphalt, it is necessary to investigate the phase transition process of asphalt at different temperatures. Variabletemperature Raman spectroscopy has been employed to analyze the phase transition properties of eight asphalt binders from the SHRP material reference library. More abundant Raman spectral structure information is obtained by introducing silver nanoparticle colloids (Ag NPs) as a surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to quench the selffluorescence. The findings show that Raman spectroscopy can effectively identify different aging states of asphalt according to characteristic peaks. In the temperature range of 20−100 °C, three areas of the Raman spectrum, including 500−1200, 1300−1800, and 2500−3000 cm −1 , indicate that the asphalt has transformed from an ordered phase to a disordered phase and to a liquid phase. The order parameters are selected to represent the change of ordered and disordered structures in asphalt. The phase transition occurs mainly from the changes in the intensity and frequency of the Raman crest related to the crystal structure and distorted conformation. The temperature range of phase transitions from an ordered to a disordered range of asphalt has an obvious correlation with the wax melting point of asphalt, and the disorder degree and molecular defects of asphalt are also positively correlated with the wax content in asphalt.

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“…In addition, the systematic evaluation of low-temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt binders by physical hardening (thermoreversible aging) is a hot research topic. − Interestingly, it was reported that there were significant differences in the cracking resistance of different modified asphalt pavements with the same low-temperature grades, and the asphalt has more serious cracks with a higher grade loss due to thermoreversible aging. , This is because the process of thermoreversible aging can have a more evident effect on the cracking resistance of asphalt pavement. In contrast to oxidative and ultraviolet aging, the asphalt binder does not undergo chemical changes during the process of thermoreversible aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Waxes to Improve the Compatibility with Asphalt Binders

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Existing wax-based warm mix additives have poor compatibility with asphalt binders, which results in premature wax precipitation and cracking of the asphalt pavement. However, there are few studies on improving the compatibility between the waxes and asphalt. In this study, the wax precipitation temperature (WPT) was recommended as a new suitable evaluation index of the compatibility according to the consistency of changing laws between the solubility parameter distance deduced from Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) experiments and WPT, and a new component of wax-based warm mix additives with better compatibility was also introduced by maleation of the natural waxes. On this basis, the low-temperature cracking resistance of maleated natural waxes was systematically compared with that of unmodified natural waxes and commercial wax-based warm mix additives through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), extended bending beam rheometer (Ex-BBR), and double edge notched tension (DENT) tests. The results show that the reactant temperature has the greatest influence on the grafting effect, and the maleated natural waxes with better compatibility can reduce the viscosity, WPT, physical hardening rate, and grade loss and also improve the ductile resistance compared with the unmodified natural waxes and commercial wax-based warm mix additives. The maleation of waxes is a promising method for improving the compatibility of the waxes and asphalt.

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Wax in Asphalt: A comprehensive literature review

Cited by 26 publications

References 224 publications

The Synergistic Effect of Polyphosphates Acid and Different Compounds of Waste Cooking Oil on Conventional and Rheological Properties of Modified Bitumen

The Synergistic Effect of Polyphosphates Acid and Different Compounds of Waste Cooking Oil on Conventional and Rheological Properties of Modified Bitumen

Variable-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Phase Transition Mechanism in Asphalt Binders

Chemical Modification of Waxes to Improve the Compatibility with Asphalt Binders

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