Wax esters produced by solvent-free energy-efficient enzymatic synthesis and their applicability as wood coatings

Abstract

The study aimed at developing a process for making a wood coating wax based on the principles of green chemistry. The research was conducted within the Swedish interdisciplinary research programme Greenchem. Wax esters are attractive since they are non-hazardous, biodegradable and can be produced in an atom-efficient process from building blocks obtained from renewable resources. Four wax esters were prepared in a solvent-free process using an immobilised lipase as catalyst. When the water was removed during the process from what was initially an equimolar mixture of the starting materials carboxylic acid and alcohol by a stream of dry air passed through the reactor, there was a 95-99% conversion to the ester. The enzymatic process consumed 34% less energy and generated less waste than chemical esterification using a strong acid as catalyst. Two of the esters worked well in the industrial wood coating equipment employed and produced surfaces resistant to water and somewhat less to fat stains.

Biocatalytic polyester acrylation—process optimization and enzyme stability

“…The hydroxyl number (OH number) was determined by reverse titration (Petersson et al, 2005). These two analyses were performed according to standard methods at Akzo Nobel Industrial Coatings (Copenhagen, Denmark).…”

Specialty chemicals from vegetable oils: achievements within the Greenchem research program

“…This was due to a high wax ester yield, a low process temperature, and a limited need for downstream processing. Among the various wax esters tested by Akzo Nobel Industrial Coatings as wood surface coatings, two monoesters -cetyl palmitate (C 32 ) and behenyl behenate (C 44 ) fared quite well, showing high resistance to water but somewhat lower resistance to fat stains (2).…”

Application of Fuzzy Modeling and Optimization in Enzymatic Esterification Process

“…In recent years, the use of enzymes, as ''green'' alternatives to chemical catalysts, in organic synthesis has increased extensively due to several advantages such as mild reaction conditions, high selectivity and specificity, low energy requirement, ease of product isolation, and biocatalyst reusability [17]. In this study, di-isobutyl adipate has been synthesized through lipase-catalyzed esterification of isobutyl alcohol with adipic acid.…”