Wax ester and lipophilic compound profiling of Euglena gracilis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: toward understanding of wax ester fermentation under hypoxia

Furuhashi, Takeshi; Ogawa, Toshiki; Nakai, Rai; Nakazawa, Masami; Okazawa, Atsushi; Padermschoke, Adchara; Nishio, Kazuto; Hirai, Masami Yokota; Arita, Masanori; Ohta, Daisaku

doi:10.1007/s11306-014-0687-1

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Euglena gracilis wild-type Z strain cells were maintained aerobically in Koren-Hutner (KH) medium [ 25 ] in Sakaguchi flasks at 27°C under continuous light on a shaker (120 rpm) for 4 days (late-log phase) [ 26 ]. The pH of the fresh medium was adjusted to 5.0 with potassium hydroxide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Involvement of Environmental Carbon Dioxide Fixation to Drive Wax Ester Fermentation in Euglena

et al. 2016

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Accumulation profiles of wax esters in Euglena gracilis Z were studied under several environmental conditions. The highest amount of total wax esters accumulated under hypoxia in the dark, and C28 (myristyl-myristate, C14:0-C14:0) was prevalent among all conditions investigated. The wax ester production was almost completely suppressed under anoxia in the light, and supplying exogenous inorganic carbon sources restored wax ester fermentation, indicating the need for external carbon sources for the wax ester fermentation. 13C-labeling experiments revealed specific isotopic enrichment in the odd-numbered fatty acids derived from wax esters, indicating that the exogenously-supplied CO2 was incorporated into wax esters via the propionyl-CoA pathway through the reverse tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The addition of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, significantly affected the incorporation of 13C into citrate and malate as the biosynthetic intermediates of the odd-numbered fatty acids, suggesting the involvement of PEPCK reaction to drive wax ester fermentation. Additionally, the 13C-enrichment pattern of succinate suggested that the CO2 assimilation might proceed through alternative pathways in addition to the PEPCK reaction. The current results indicate that the mechanisms of anoxic CO2 assimilation are an important target to reinforce wax ester fermentation in Euglena.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wax esters and organic acids were analyzed according to the methods described by Furuhashi et al (2015) [ 26 ]. Briefly, approximately 5 mg of a lyophilized E .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Involvement of Environmental Carbon Dioxide Fixation to Drive Wax Ester Fermentation in Euglena

et al. 2016

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“…nanofibers) 5 . Wax esters, mainly composed of C14:0 saturated fatty acid, myristic acid, and myristyl alcohol 6 , synthesized under anaerobic conditions, holds promise for biodiesel and jet fuel production as an alternative to fossil fuels. Moreover, E. gracilis has been reported to be capable of producing dietary supplements α-tocopherol and β-carotene 7 , as well as assay vitamin B12 in body fluids 8 , waste water quality 9 , and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-based separation of microalga Euglena gracilis using inertial microfluidics

Muñoz

Goda

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) has been proposed as one of the most attractive microalgae species for biodiesel and biomass production, which exhibits a number of shapes, such as spherical, spindle-shaped, and elongated. Shape is an important biomarker for E. gracilis, serving as an indicator of biological clock status, photosynthetic and respiratory capacity, cell-cycle phase, and environmental condition. The ability to prepare E. gracilis of uniform shape at high purities has significant implications for various applications in biological research and industrial processes. Here, we adopt a label-free, high-throughput, and continuous technique utilizing inertial microfluidics to separate E. gracilis by a key shape parameter-cell aspect ratio (AR). The microfluidic device consists of a straight rectangular microchannel, a gradually expanding region, and five outlets with fluidic resistors, allowing for inertial focusing and ordering, enhancement of the differences in cell lateral positions, and accurate separation, respectively. By making use of the shape-activated differences in lateral inertial focusing dynamic equilibrium positions, E. gracilis with different ARs ranging from 1 to 7 are directed to different outlets.

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“…E. gracilis is also used as a food supplement, particularly in Japan. Furthermore, the biochemical complexity of E. gracilis is of considerable potential value for biotechnology and for biofuel production (Mahapatra, et al, 2013;Furuhashi, et al, 2015;Yamada, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the biological potential ofEuglena gracilis: evolution, cell biology and significance to parasitism

Zoltner

Burrel

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Photosynthetic euglenids are major components of aquatic ecosystems and relatives of trypanosomes. Euglena gracilis has considerable biotechnological potential and great adaptability, but exploitation remains hampered by the absence of a comprehensive gene catalogue. We address this by genome, RNA and protein sequencing: the E. gracilis genome is >2Gb, with 36,526 predicted proteins. Large lineage-specific paralog families are present, with evidence for flexibility in environmental monitoring, divergent mechanisms for metabolic control, and novel solutions for adaptation to extreme environments. Contributions from photosynthetic eukaryotes to the nuclear genome, consistent with the shopping bag model are found, together with transitions between kinetoplastid and canonical systems. Control of protein expression is almost exclusively post-transcriptional. These data are a major advance in understanding the nuclear genomes of euglenids and provide a platform for investigating the contributions of E. gracilis and its relatives to the biosphere.

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Wax ester and lipophilic compound profiling of Euglena gracilis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: toward understanding of wax ester fermentation under hypoxia

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Critical Involvement of Environmental Carbon Dioxide Fixation to Drive Wax Ester Fermentation in Euglena

Critical Involvement of Environmental Carbon Dioxide Fixation to Drive Wax Ester Fermentation in Euglena

Shape-based separation of microalga Euglena gracilis using inertial microfluidics

Unlocking the biological potential ofEuglena gracilis: evolution, cell biology and significance to parasitism

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