Random copolymerization is an effective approach to synthesize
the desired polymers by harmonizing distinct properties of different
monomers. For supramolecular polymers in which monomer binding is
inherently dynamic, it is difficult to achieve random copolymerization
of monomers with distinct molecular structures and properties due
to an enthalpic advantage upon self-recognition (self-sorting). Herein,
we demonstrate an example of thermodynamically controlled random supramolecular
copolymerization of two monomers functionalized with barbituric acid
via the formation of six-membered hydrogen-bonded rosette intermediates
to exhibit structural harmonization of the two main-chain motifs,
i.e., intrinsically curved and linear motifs. One monomer based on
naphthalene chromophore exclusively forms toroidal fibers, whereas
another one bearing additional photoreactive diacetylene moiety affords
linearly elongated fibers. Supramolecular copolymerization of the
two monomers is achieved by cooling hot monomer mixtures in a nonpolar
solvent, which results in the formation of thermodynamically stable
spirally folded yet elongated fibers. Atomic force microscopic observations
and theoretical simulations of the experimental data obtained by absorption
spectroscopy reveal the homopolymerization of the diacetylene-functionalized
monomer in the high-temperature region, followed by the incorporation
of the naphthalene monomer in the medium-temperature region to form
supramolecular copolymers with random monomer sequence. Finally, we
demonstrate that the random copolymerization process can be switched
to a narcissistically self-sorting one by deactivating monomer exchange
through the photo-cross-linking of the diacetylene-functionalized
monomers.