“Wavy ribs” A reversible pathologic finding in rat fetuses

Kast, A

doi:10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80082-5

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2) are a relatively common finding in rodent studies and, unless quite severe, have usually been classified as variations, fetal aberrations, or reversible pathologic findings rather than true malformations (Joosten et al, 1980;Khera, 1981;Stazi et al, 1992;Kast, 1994;Ikegawa et al, 1998). A large number of studies on a wide variety of agents with diverse chemical structure and biologic activity have reported wavy ribs after exposure (see Appendix for detailed information on each study).…”

Section: Wavy Ribsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kast (1994) suggested that bent, undulated, nodulated, bulbous, flexible, kinky, distorted, or misshapen ribs as well as mineralization defects are synonyms for waved or ''wavy'' ribs. The IFTS glossary (Wise et al, 1997) gives different definitions for knobby, bent, thickened, and wavy ribs, most likely on the basis of appearance rather than etiology or causation.…”

Section: Wavy Ribsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kast (1994) indicated that wavy ribs do not seem to be strain-specific in rats, but Wistar rats generally have a higher background incidence of wavy ribs (2-22%) (Khera and McKinley, 1972;Khera et al, 1978;Buttar et al, 1978;Verma and Guna Sherlin, 2001;Favero et al, 2005) than do Sprague-Dawley (SD or CD s ) rats (0-1.5%) (Nishimura et al, 1982;Marathe and Thomas, 1986;Yoshimura and Delatour, 1986;Vorhees, 1987;Morseth and Nakatsu, 1991), although the incidence of wavy ribs may vary among Wistar populations (Nyitray and Druga, 1989). Wistar rats also may be more sensitive than SD rats to the induction of wavy ribs by exogenous exposures, although the data to compare strain effects is limited.…”

Section: Species Concordance and Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it has been suggested (Kast, 1994) that wavy ribs may not be relevant to humans because of the long human gestation period, Pursley et al (1996) reported a case of thin wavy ribs in one of three infants exposed to fluconazole, an antifungal drug taken during gestation. All three infants had a number of craniofacial and skeletal defects, particularly femoral and tibial bowing.…”

Section: Species Concordance and Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Interpretation of skeletal variations for human risk assessment: delayed ossification and wavy ribs

Carney

Kimmel²

2007

Birth Defects Research Pt B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Delayed (or incomplete) ossification of developing fetal bones and wavy ribs are some of the most common skeletal variations encountered in regulatory guideline developmental toxicity studies. Although they tend to be regarded as minor effects, they can be quite sensitive and consequently may influence the study lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs), and thus, impact classification, labeling, and risk assessment. In this study, we review the underlying mechanisms of these skeletal variations, evaluate different scenarios in which they have been observed, offer guidance for their interpretation, and comment on their use for risk assessment. Both minor delays in ossification and wavy ribs seem to be readily repairable via postnatal skeletal remodeling, are not mechanistically linked to malformation, and often are seen in the presence of maternal or fetal toxicity. As such, these minor variations would not generally be considered adverse in and of themselves but should be interpreted in the context of other maternal and fetal findings, information available on normal skeletogenesis patterns, mode of action of the test agent, and historical control incidence using a weight of evidence approach. Birth Defects Res 80: 473-496, 2007. r 2007

show abstract

Section: Wavy Ribsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wavy Ribsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species Concordance and Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species Concordance and Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interpretation of skeletal variations for human risk assessment: delayed ossification and wavy ribs

Carney

Kimmel²

2007

Birth Defects Research Pt B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wavy ribs are considered variations because they are transient in nature (Kast, 1994;Carney and Kimmel, 2007).…”

Section: Risk Assessment Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Bent Long Bones, Bent Scapulae, and Wavy Ribs: Malformations or Variations?

Kimmel

Garry

DeSesso

2014

Birth Defects Research Pt B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Shortened and bent long bones and bent scapulae are sometimes reported in fetuses with wavy ribs (Carney and Kimmel, 2007). Wavy ribs are typically seen in the presence of maternal and developmental toxicity, are transient and reversible postnatally, and are considered to be variations rather than malformations. METHODS: We further assessed the literature cited in Kimmel and Carney (2007) as well as papers published since then to determine under what conditions bent long bones in the absence of gross limb defects and bent scapulae were reported and whether information was available on the transient or permanent nature of these effects. RESULTS: Long bone and/or scapular changes almost always occurred at a lower incidence than wavy ribs. In every case, maternal and fetal toxicity occurred at the same dose levels. In a few studies, pups were followed sequentially after birth and bent long bones and scapulae were transient in nature and appeared normal by the time of weaning. Rabbits were much less likely to show wavy ribs or long bone and scapular changes at birth, even in the presence of severe maternal and fetal toxicity. This species difference may be due in part to the great increase in bone mass and remodeling that occurs during the first few postnatal weeks in rodents, but which takes place during the longer fetal period in rabbits. CONCLUSION: Our conclusion from this review is that bent long bones and scapulae, like wavy ribs, appear to be secondary to maternal and developmental toxicity, are transient, and like wavy ribs should be considered variations rather than malformations.

show abstract

2‐(Propyloxy)ethylacetat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1996]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 23. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1996 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Erfahrungen beim Menschen Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Sonstige Wirkungen Bewertung

show abstract

“Wavy ribs” A reversible pathologic finding in rat fetuses

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Interpretation of skeletal variations for human risk assessment: delayed ossification and wavy ribs

Interpretation of skeletal variations for human risk assessment: delayed ossification and wavy ribs

Relationship Between Bent Long Bones, Bent Scapulae, and Wavy Ribs: Malformations or Variations?

2‐(Propyloxy)ethylacetat [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1996]

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About