Wavelet entropy based algorithm for fault detection and classification in FACTS compensated transmission line

Abstract

Distance protection of transmission lines including advanced flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices has been a very challenging task. FACTS devices of interest in this paper are static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC). In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to detect and classify the fault and identify the fault position in a transmission line with respect to a FACTS device placed in the midpoint of the transmission line. Discrete wavelet transformation and wavelet entropy calculations are used to analyze during fault current and voltage signals of the compensated transmission line. The proposed algorithm is very simple and accurate in fault detection and classification. A variety of fault cases and simulation results are introduced to show the effectiveness of such algorithm.

Protection system analysis using fault signatures in Malaysia

“…El-Zonkoly and Desouki [6] conducted a research to identify the fault type. However, they only focused on distance protection for transmission lines.…”

A hybrid time–frequency approach based fuzzy logic system for power island detection in grid connected distributed generation

“…A comparison of average calculation time taken for evaluating 1000 point long input signals is also executed for the conventional ST, DWT [14][15][16][17] and DFST on an Intel Core 2 Duo, 3 GHz CPU with 3 GB RAM. The Discrete Fast ST algorithms consume substantially lesser time of around 0.045 ms as compared to 0.4 ms taken by the conventional ST and 0.442 ms taken by the DWT.…”

“…The column at the extreme left depicts the types of islanding detection schemes, against 15 which the proposed scheme is compared. In Table 4 [13,14], are also lesser compared to the proposed scheme.…”

“…The wavelet based approach [11] uses wavelet coefficients exceeding a predetermined threshold to distinguish between islanding and non-islanding events, within a certain time limit. Although Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is the most favoured time-frequency approach for power system protection [15] and power island detection [11][12][13][14], it suffers from inaccuracies due to the presence of sub harmonics, decaying dc components and noise in the current signals. On the other hand ST is a powerful tool for power signal disturbance assessment [16,17], but it involves high computational overhead, of the order of O (N 2 log N) using the entire data window for the signal.…”

Differential energy based relaying for thyristor controlled series compensated line

“…Different attempts have been made for developing relaying scheme using Kalman filtering approach, wavelet transform, and neural network [1,[6][7][8]. The Kalman filtering approach finds its limitation, as fault resistance cannot be modeled and further it requires a number of different filters to accomplish the task.…”