Wavelength-selective 1/spl times/K switches using free-space optics and MEMS micromirrors: theory, design, and implementation

Marom, Dan M.; Neilson, David T.; Greywall, Dennis S.; Pai, C. S.; Basavanhally, N.R.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.; López, Daniel; Pardo, F.; Simon, M.E.; Low, Y.L.; Kolodner, Paul; Bolle, C.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2005.844213

Cited by 184 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…where l(f) is the center of the beam at frequency f and is a linear function of f. When a pure mode is input to the WSS, the coefficient (4) yields the coupling back to the same pure mode, similar to the model in [36] for SMF. Energy may also couple to other modes, as discussed below.…”

Section: A Transmission Coefficients and Mode-clipping Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-Selective Switches for Mode-Division Multiplexing: Scaling and Performance Analysis

Ho¹,

Kahn²,

Wilde³

2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Wavelength-selective switches for modedivision-multiplexing systems are designed by scaling switches from single-mode systems. All modes at a given wavelength are switched as a unit, which is necessary in systems with substantial mode coupling, and minimizes the numbe r of ports required to accommodate a given traffic volume. When a pure mode is present at the input, modal transmission and coupling coefficients are modedependent and may be computed using a simple modeclipping model. When multiple modes are present, interference between modes alters the transmission and coupling coefficients, shifting the passband center frequency and changing its bandwidth. Mode-coupling matrices are used to compute mixed modes having the narrowest or widest bandwidths, or having the largest center-frequency offsets. In a specific design for gradedindex fiber, five mode groups and 50-GHz channel spacing, the one-sided bandwidth may change up to  3.6 GHz. In a system with many cascaded switches and strong mode coupling, the end-to-end response per switch may be characterized by a mode-averaged transmission coefficient.Index Terms-Wavelength-selective switch, multimode fiber, mode-division multiplexing.

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Section: A Transmission Coefficients and Mode-clipping Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-Selective Switches for Mode-Division Multiplexing: Scaling and Performance Analysis

Ho¹,

Kahn²,

Wilde³

2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…S(λ) can be calculated by performing the overlap integral between the optical mode of input fiber and the mode of the monitored output fiber on the surface of the MEMS mirror [4]. By assuming that the spectroscopic optics in the WSS has no excess loss and the beam profile on the MEMS mirror is Gaussian, the input and output mode on the MEMS mirror and S(λ) can be expressed by…”

Section: Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ω and Ω are the spot sizes of the light (1/e 2 -diameters of the intensity profiles) in x-and y-direction, respectively. ω and Ω can be independently designed by employing a cylindrical or anamorphic systems [4] for the beam-shaping optics in the WSS assembly, as shown in Fig. 3 (a).…”

Section: Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 (b)-(c). When each output port is sufficiently isolated from the others, the cross-talk light reflected from the OFF-state mirrors can be neglected [4]. In this case, Q j = 1 for the ONstate mirrors, and Q j ∼ 0 for the OFF-state mirrors.…”

Section: (B)-(c) θ Mems (X)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the former is a grating, and the latter is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) [4,5] or a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) [6,7,8]. The input WDM signal is spectrally decomposed by the grating and the focal position of the light on the switching engine is dependent on the wavelength of the light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MEMS mirror with slot structures suitable for flexible-grid WSS

Sorimoto

Kawashima

Mori

et al. 2013

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:We propose a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror design, which is suitable for use in a flexible-grid wavelength selective switch (WSS). In the flexible grid operation with a conventional MEMS-based WSS, the diffraction loss at the inter-mirror gap regions caused a large ripple in the transmission spectra. On the other hand, the newly introduced slot structures in each mirror can reduce the ripples by intentionally attenuating the light on the mirrors to equalize the reflectance of the entire mirrors. We optimize the slot structure aiming for the flexible-grid WSS operation with a bandwidth-granularity of 12.5 GHz. The ripples are successfully reduced to below 0.004 dB with a loss penalty of only 1.05 dB.

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Space‐Division Multiplexing

2021

Fiber‐Optic Communication Systems

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Wavelength-selective 1/spl times/K switches using free-space optics and MEMS micromirrors: theory, design, and implementation

Cited by 184 publications

References 18 publications

Wavelength-Selective Switches for Mode-Division Multiplexing: Scaling and Performance Analysis

Wavelength-Selective Switches for Mode-Division Multiplexing: Scaling and Performance Analysis

MEMS mirror with slot structures suitable for flexible-grid WSS

Space‐Division Multiplexing

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