“…Lights' perfor mance enhancement, however, does not occur in a similar manner for all subcortical and cortical regions. Light-induced modulations of cortical activity during auditory cognitive tasks occur for alertness-related subcortical structures, such as the brainstem (LC-compatible region) (Vandewalle et al, 2007b); the hypothalamus, in a location encompassing the SCN (Perrin et al, 2004), and dorsal and posterior parts of thalamus (Vandewalle et al, 2006(Vandewalle et al, , 2007a, in longterm memory and emotion-related areas, such as the hippocampus (Vandewalle et al, 2006) and amygdala (Vandewalle et al, 2007b). Taken together, these responses indicate that wide-range subcortical and cortical areas are activated by non-visual effects of light, during specific cognitive tasks.…”