Waveguide writing in chalcogenide glasses by a train of femtosecond laser pulses

Efimov, Oleg M.; Glebov, Leonid; Richardson, Kathleen; Stryland, Eric Van; Cardinal, Thierry; Park, S.H; Couzi, M.; Bruneel, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1016/s0925-3467(01)00062-3

Cited by 168 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows that all of the waveguides have an Urbach edge red shift of around 15 nm, and all except the waveguide written at 0.21 J/pulse have a band edge red shift of around 15 nm. Femtosecond laser written waveguides in As 40 S 60 glass also showed a 15 nm red shift of the band edge [16]. This was related by the Kramers-Kronig relation to a refractive index increase of 5 ϫ 10 −4 .…”

Section: B Refractive Index Change Profilementioning

confidence: 80%

“…Optical components such as a Fresnel zone plate [14] and a fiber attenuator [9] have been fabricated using fs laser pulses. Several studies have described the fabrication and characterization of waveguides using focused fs laser pulses in phosphate glass [15], chalcogenide glass [16], and heavy metal oxide glass [17]. Of these, chalcogenide glasses are especially attractive because they have a higher nonlinear refractive index and enhanced IR transmission coupled with low maximum phonon energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

2009

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Nonlinear spectral broadening to 200 nm, from an initial width of 50 nm, has been demonstrated in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass waveguides from 1540 nm, 200 fs pulses at 30 nJ/pulse. A formation mechanism is presented for these femtosecond laser written waveguides, based on optical characterization and comparisons to previous work. Two different types of waveguide are identified. One has a characteristic long narrow structure and is formed through filamentation caused by self-focusing. The other has a characteristic "teardrop" structure, which is formed by a type IIA photosensitivity mechanism and cumulative heating of glass around a central laser-exposed region.

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Section: B Refractive Index Change Profilementioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

2009

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“…Waveguides have been demonstrated in a multitude of vitreous media, covering the silica, phosphate, heavy metal oxide, chalcogenide and halide glass families [2,[22][23][24][25][26]. These waveguides are mainly based on a single track of smooth, positive refractive index change induced at low peak intensities as shown in Figure 2A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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Since the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

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“…Besides the fundamental interest in PD/PB in CG, these effects find useful technological applications in high bit rate waveguide writing, dense holographic recording, etc. [3][4][5][6]. PD in As-based CG has been investigated for many years and is believed to originate from photoinduced structural transformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of fast photodarkening and slow photobleaching in Ge_19As_21Se_60 thin films

et al. 2012

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We experimentally demonstrate the coexistence of two opposite photo-effects, viz. fast photodarkening (PD) and slow photobleaching (PB) in Ge 19 As 21 Se 60 thin films, when illuminated with a laser of wavelength 671nm, PD appears to begin instantaneously upon light illumination and saturates in tens of seconds. By comparison, PB is a slower process that starts only after PD has saturated. Although we could observe the coexistence of PD/PB even at moderate, one order of magnitude lower intensity of 0.2 W/cm 2 , the kinetics of transformation is significantly slowed down. However, both PD and PB follow stretched exponetial dependence on time. Modeling of overall change as a linear sum of two contributions suggests that the changes in As and Ge parts of glass network respond to light indepndent of each other.

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Waveguide writing in chalcogenide glasses by a train of femtosecond laser pulses

Cited by 168 publications

References 23 publications

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Coexistence of fast photodarkening and slow photobleaching in Ge_19As_21Se_60 thin films

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