Wave Spectra in Dusty Plasmas of Nuclear Fusion Devices

Abstract

Wave's spectra are investigated through an equilibrium molecular dynamic (EMD) simulation of three-dimensional (3D) strongly-coupled complex-dusty plasmas (SCCDPs). In this chapter, we have analyzed the correlation functions over a wide range of plasma parameters of Γ (1, 100) and of κ (4.5, 5.5) along with a higher wave's numbers of k (1, 4). In EMD simulations, we have examined the propagation modes of wave in the longitudinal C L (k, t) and transverse C T (k, t) current direction at higher screening (κ). We have also analyzed the wave's spectra in different regimes of plasma states of SCCDPs. A new simulation shows that the longitudinal (C L) and transverse (C T) waves in SCCDPs are damped for low values of Γ. However, these damping affects decrease comparatively with an increasing Γ. Outcomes show that amplitude and frequency modes of the C L and C T depend on κ, Γ, k and probably on a number of particles (N). The results obtained from EMD are in reasonable agreement with earlier known theoretical and experimental data. It has been shown that the present EMD method is the best tool for computing C L and C T in the SCCDPs over a suitable range of plasma parameters.

The Human Rights Commitments of Private Fusion Energy Companies

“…The United Kingdom (UK) government, for example, has recently had an open consultation on its proposals for a regulatory framework for fusion energy (DBEIS, 2022). However, research in this field focuses mainly on technical and scientific issues, particularly on weaknesses and strengths of different technologies and commercialization issues (Costley, Hugill and Buxton, 2015;Wolf et al, 2016;Whyte et al, 2016;Wurden et al, 2016, Chuyanov andGryaznevich, 2017;Shahzad, 2020) as well as health and safety standards (Alzbutas and Voronov, 2015; Lukacs and Williams, 2020; Larsen and Babineau, 2020; Lomonaco et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). Given the capability of fusion energy of transforming today's energy paradigm (Sanchez, 2014), the growing number of private companies involved in the sector and the global character of the fusion energy market, it is important to analyze how these companies are interacting with international human rights standards.…”