Wave space interpretation of scattered ultrasound

Lerner, Robert M.; Waag, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/0301-5629(88)90175-5

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The k-space estimation method presented in this paper differs significantly from the described by Lerner and Waag [7]. Their method uses a graphical vector approach to determine the contribution of each transmit receive element pair in k-space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…K-space can yield important insights about the scattering structure of targets [7]. The k-space representation of each target is unique, but some conclusions can be drawn by analyzing classes of targets that share particular features.…”

Section: Target Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this work can be generalized to any ultrasonic imaging system, including the pulse echo systems analyzed in this paper, its sophistication can make application difficult for nontomographic applications. K-space was also applied by Lerner and Waag [7] to explain the results of anisotropic scattering experiments. They estimated the spatial frequency response of the imaging system and were able to use this information to separate effects of the imaging system from the scattering anisotropies inherent to the target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The application of k-space in pulse echo ultrasound

Walker

Trahey

1998

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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K-space is a frequency domain description of imaging systems and targets that can be used to gain insight into image formation. Although originally proposed in ultrasound for the analysis of experiments involving anisotropic scattering and for the design of acoustic tomography systems, it is particularly useful for the analysis of pulse echo ultrasonic imaging systems. This paper presents analytical and conceptual techniques for estimating the k-space representation of pulse echo imaging systems with arbitrary transmit and receive array geometries and apodizations. Simple graphical methods of estimating the first and second order statistics of speckle are presented. Examples are presented that utilize k-space to gain insight regarding the performance of spatial and frequency compounding and to describe the impact of synthetic receive aperture geometry on beamforming and speckle statistics. The Van Cittert-Zernike theorem is presented in k-space, and techniques for improving echo coherence are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Target Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The application of k-space in pulse echo ultrasound

Walker

Trahey

1998

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…2 In particular, the maximum lateral spatial frequency k x of the target that can be sensed, assuming a linear imaging model, is set by the ultrasound wavelength and the combination of the transmit and receive aperture widths. 3,4 Thus the relatively low frequency required for, e.g., transcranial ultrasonography 5,6 limits the achievable spatial resolution. Soft tissue supports not only compressional waves, but shear waves as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and measurement of the modulation transfer function of harmonic shear wave induced phase encoding imaging

McAleavey

2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Shear wave induced phase encoding (SWIPE) imaging generates ultrasound backscatter images of tissue-like elastic materials by using traveling shear waves to encode the lateral position of the scatters in the phase of the received echo. In contrast to conventional ultrasound B-scan imaging, SWIPE offers the potential advantages of image formation without beam focusing or steering from a single transducer element, lateral resolution independent of aperture size, and the potential to achieve relatively high lateral resolution with low frequency ultrasound. Here a Fourier series description of the phase modulated echo signal is developed, demonstrating that echo harmonics at multiples of the shear wave frequency reveal target k-space data at identical multiples of the shear wavenumber. Modulation transfer functions of SWIPE imaging systems are calculated for maximum shear wave acceleration and maximum shear constraints, and compared with a conventionally focused aperture. The relative signal-to-noise ratio of the SWIPE method versus a conventionally focused aperture is found through these calculations. Reconstructions of wire targets in a gelatin phantom using 1 and 3.5 MHz ultrasound and a cylindrical shear wave source are presented, generated from the fundamental and second harmonic of the shear wave modulation frequency, demonstrating weak dependence of lateral resolution with ultrasound frequency.

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“…The analysis in the wavenumber domain is an intuitive and physically appealing technique to study wave propagation and diffraction that was first developed in optics [Sherman, 1967], [Shewell and Wolf, 1968], and has been extended to other fields such as seismics [Berkhout, 1987], ultrasonics [Lerner and Waag, 1988] and audio engineering [Teutsch and Kellermann, 2006], [Rafaely, 2004]. Implementation of such plane wave decompositiontakes place in the wavenumber domain.…”

Section: Space-time Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and enhancement of multiactuator panels for wave field synthesis reproduction.

Ortega¹,

Javier²

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This thesis addresses the development and enhancement of Multiactuator Panels (MAPs) with emphasis on the application to Wave Field Synthesis (WFS) reproduction. MAPs can be used alternatively to dynamic loudspeaker arrays for WFS with added benefits. However, since MAPs are panels of finite extent, excited mechanically on several points, there are structural and geometric issues that must be addressed to guarantee that all exciters are acting evenly to form an effective loudspeaker array for WFS. This aim is addressed by means of a methodology for the analysis of sound field radiation in the space-time domain that has been proposed and validated in this thesis. This research has produced a number of key conclusions. The proposed method analyzes aliasing artifacts in a graphical representation showing the distribution of radiated energy over space. In a comparative study between MAPs of different dimensions and dynamic loudspeaker arrays, the main conclusion, with significant practical consequences, is that the wave field created by large panels contains less artifacts than that of equivalent small panels. The effect of panel boundaries on the quality of the wave field has also been addressed by comparing several edge boundary conditions with multiple elastic materials. The main conclusion drawn from this study is the convenience of using elastic boundary conditions that can form a viable technology for a MAP frame while showing a proper acoustic radiation. Boundaries also affect the response of exciters near edges that must conveniently be equalized for a response similar to that of middle exciters. To that end, an efficient equalization filtering process has been introduced that takes into account the particular exciter distribution on a panel for considerably reducing the measurement points. Finally, an optimized large MAP has been designed and tested, incorporating the enhancements previously discussed and facilitating the combination of WFS with video projection for immersive multimedia applications.

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Wave space interpretation of scattered ultrasound

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

The application of k-space in pulse echo ultrasound

The application of k-space in pulse echo ultrasound

Analysis and measurement of the modulation transfer function of harmonic shear wave induced phase encoding imaging

Analysis and enhancement of multiactuator panels for wave field synthesis reproduction.

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