Wave overtopping of sea dikes with very shallow foreshores

Altomare, Corrado; Suzuki, Tomohiro; Chen, X; Verwaest, T.; Kortenhaus, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2016.07.002

Cited by 67 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Treating the complex combination of infragravity wave energy and wind wave energy with a single parameter as the T m−1,0 wave period might be an oversimplification, however the T m−1,0 wave period is the wave period that is currently used in all the most commonly used wave run-up and wave overtopping equations. A new equivalent slope concept was determined for wave overtopping at shallow foreshores in Altomare et al [51] and could be considered a first step. However, still more research is required to be able to validate the influence of the infragravity waves on wave overtopping, for this case, as well as for other cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Assessment of Overtopping of Sea Dikes with Foreshores including Infragravity Waves and Morphological Changes: Westkapelle Case Study

Oosterlo

McCall

Vuik

et al. 2018

JMSE

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Shallow foreshores in front of coastal dikes can reduce the probability of dike failure due to wave overtopping. A probabilistic model framework is presented, which is capable of including complex hydrodynamics like infragravity waves, and morphological changes of a sandy foreshore during severe storms in the calculations of the probability of dike failure due to wave overtopping. The method is applied to a test case based on the Westkapelle sea defence in The Netherlands, a hybrid defence consisting of a dike with a sandy foreshore. The model framework consists of the process-based hydrological and morphological model XBeach, probabilistic overtopping equations (EurOtop) and the level III fully probabilistic method ADIS. By using the fully probabilistic level III method ADIS, the number of simulations necessary is greatly reduced, which allows for the use of more advanced and detailed hydro-and morphodynamic models. The framework is able to compute the probability of failure with up to 15 stochastic variables and is able to describe feasible physical processes. Furthermore, the framework is completely modular, which means that any model or equation can be plugged into the framework, whenever updated models with improved representation of the physics or increases in computational power become available. The model framework as described in this paper, includes more physical processes and stochastic variables in the determination of the probability of dike failure due to wave overtopping, compared to the currently used methods in The Netherlands. For the here considered case, the complex hydrodynamics like infragravity waves and wave set-up need to be included in the calculations, because they appeared to have a large influence on the probability of failure. Morphological changes of the foreshore during a severe storm appeared to have less influence on the probability of failure for this case. It is recommended to apply the framework to other cases as well, to determine if the effects of complex hydrodynamics as infragravity waves and morphological changes on the probability of sea dike failure due to wave overtopping as found in this paper hold for other cases as well. Furthermore, it is recommended to investigate broader use of the method, e.g., for safety assessment, reliability analysis and design.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Assessment of Overtopping of Sea Dikes with Foreshores including Infragravity Waves and Morphological Changes: Westkapelle Case Study

Oosterlo

McCall

Vuik

et al. 2018

JMSE

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“…In many low-elevation coastal areas, very shallow, long and gentle foreshores lie in front of the coastal protections. Only a few studies are available in literature on wave overtopping prediction for such a beach layout and specifically in combination with sea dikes (van Gent et al, 2007;Altomare et al, 2016;Suzuki et al, 2017). These studies analysed the case of long-crested wave conditions, being based on wave flume experimental campaigns or 2DV numerical modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of directional spreading on wave overtopping of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshores

Altomare

Suzuki

Verwaest

2020

Coastal Engineering

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The work highlights the importance of directional spreading effects on wave overtopping estimation in shallow and mild sloping foreshores. Wave short-crestedness leads, in general, to a reduction of mean overtopping discharges on coastal structures. In the present work, the case of a sea dike with gentle foreshore in very and extremely shallow water conditions is analysed. Physical model tests have been carried out in order to investigate the effect of directional spreading on overtopping and incident wave characteristics. In the present experimental campaign, the effect of wave spreading has only been investigated for perpendicular wave attack. Results show that directional spreading is proved to cause a reduction of average discharge of sea dikes with gentle and shallow foreshore. Expressions for the reduction factor for directional spreading are derived, fitted on the tested database. The use of this reduction factor leads to more accurate prediction and avoids overtopping overestimation, however reduction-factor formulations are overtopping-formula depending.

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“…The cameras are JVC c920e with acquisition rate 25 frames per second and resolution 752x586 pixels. A complete description of the experimental setup and measurement techniques can also be seen in Ozmen-Cagatay and Kocaman [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Fig1: Test Setup and Dam-break Mechanism [18]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numeric foundation of the SPH are based on the interpolation of integrals. An F function is defined as shown in Equation 1 [12]:…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was developed to investigate the astrophysics cases at the middle of the 1970s [11]. SPH method is still developing and it is frequently used in the modelling of various engineering problems such as hydraulic [12,13], structural dynamics [14] and solid mechanics [15]. One of the common software used to model the problems is DualSPHysics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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