“…Habib et al (2002) showed that flow oscillations can enhance the heat transfer coefficient under laminar flow conditions, but this effect proved to be negligible at higher flow ratesthat is, in the turbulent regime. Both Akulich and Kuts (2003) and Akulich et al (2010) showed, on a theoretical basis, how the relative gas/particle velocity and particle size would affect the gas-to-particle heat transfer rate in PCD. For higher gas flow frequencies, the particles are unable to follow the oscillations of the gaseous carrier, and so the heat transfer coefficient increases with gas pulsation frequency due to a higher velocity difference between the gas and particles.…”