Wave interaction with a submarine pipeline in clayey soil due to random waves

Kumar, Ajay; Neelamani, S.; Rao, S. Narasimha

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.02.002

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Formula to estimate the force on the buried pipeline was given. Vijayakumar et al, (2001;2003;2005a;2005b) carried out the physical model studies to estimate the forces and scour around pipeline for few samples of Indian marine clay of different consistency index. The reduction of dynamic pressure on the pipeline due to burial was studied.…”

Section: In Nt Tr Ro Od Du Uc Ct Ti Io On Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum Safe Burial Depth of Submarine Pipelines in Well Graded and High Hydraulic Conductivity Sand

Neelamani

Al-Banaa

2011

The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems

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A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct t An important unknown while burying a submarine pipeline is "What is it's minimum safe burial depth?". It is a function of wave climate, water depth, engineering and hydraulic properties of the seabed soil, etc. To solve this problem, physical model investigations were carried out in a wave flume to assess the change in the horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces on a submarine pipeline for different depth of burial. The marine sand is well graded and has hydraulic conductivity of 1.84 mm/s. It is found that the horizontal force reduces non-linearly with increase in depth of burial. 75% of the magnitude of the horizontal force reduces by just burying the pipe, when compared to the one placed on the seabed. The vertical hydrodynamic force is smaller for half buried pipe and increases for just fully buried case due to the significant change in the magnitude as well as the phase difference between the pore water dynamic pressures. For any burial depth and for a constant wave height, increase in wave period has noticeable increase in the vertical wave force than the horizontal wave force. The horizontal wave force dictates the stability of the submarine pipeline, when it is placed on the sea floor. For buried pipeline, the upward wave force dictates. Workout example is presented as a ready reference.

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Section: In Nt Tr Ro Od Du Uc Ct Ti Io On Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum Safe Burial Depth of Submarine Pipelines in Well Graded and High Hydraulic Conductivity Sand

Neelamani

Al-Banaa

2011

The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems

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“…Formula to estimate the force on the buried pipeline was given. Vijayakumar et al (2001Vijayakumar et al ( , 2002Vijayakumar et al ( , 2003Vijayakumar et al ( , 2005aVijayakumar et al ( and 2005b carried out the physical model studies to estimate the forces and scour around pipeline for few samples of Indian marine clay of different consistency index. The reduction of dynamic pressure on the pipeline due to burial was studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to estimate the optimal depth of burial of crude oil pipelines for different marine conditions in Kuwait

Neelamani¹,

Al-Banaa²

2014

J Engin Res

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Crude oil export is the main business in Kuwait. To transfer the crude oil from land to the ships moored in deeper marine water, submarine pipelines are used. Kuwait is also planning to increase the export to 4.0 million barrel/day in the future and hence need more export terminals, which in turn need more submarine pipelines. One of the challenging problems here is selection of optimum burial depth of the submarine pipeline for the prevailing design condition and soil type. The optimum burial depth of submarine pipeline is the depth at which the pipeline will be stable during the design environmental conditions. It depends on the reduction of wave forces due to burial in the seafloor. Also, the wave forces on the pipeline at any depth of burial depend on the wave characters, hydraulic properties of the sea bed soil and all other marine environmental parameters. Physical modeling is used as tool for assessing the wave forces on the pipeline model for a wide range of wave conditions, for different burial depths and for four types of cohesion-less soil types from Kuwaiti coastal area, covering hydraulic conductivity in the range of 0.286 to 1.84 mm/s. It is found that for all the four soil types, the horizontal wave force reduces with increase in depth of burial, whereas the vertical force generally increases for half buried condition, mainly due to the significant change in the magnitude as well as the phase lag between the hydrodynamic water pressures on the top and bottom of the pipe. Among the soils, well graded soil is found to be good for half burial of pipeline, since the least vertical force is experienced for this soil type. On the other hand, uniformly graded and low hydraulic conductivity soil (like Al-Koot soil with hydraulic conductivity of 0.286 mm/s) attracts the maximum vertical force for half burial case. But, such soil type is found to be good for full burial or further increase of burial, since it is found to attract less vertical wave force, when compared to the soils with high hydraulic conductivity (1.84 mm/s from Shuaiba coast). From the detailed investigations and case study analysis, the minimum safe burial depth for a 1.0 m steel pipe is 1.5 m to 2.0 m for transporting crude oil in Kuwaiti marine environment. The results of this study can be used to select the minimum safe burial depth in a range of cohesionless soils and for a range of marine wave conditions. DOI 10.7603/s40632-014-0013-0 An approach to estimate the optimal depth of burial of crude oil pipelines for different marine conditions in Kuwait 44

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“…Magda (1997) used a two-dimensional finite-element method to simulate the wave-induced hydrodynamic uplift force acting on a submarine pipeline buried in sandy seabed sediments subjected to continuous loading of sinusoidal surface waves, neglecting inertia forces and assuming a linear-elastic stress-strain relationship for the soil and Darcy's law for the flow of pore fluid. Vijaya Kumar et al (2005) measured the wave pressure and uplift force caused by random waves on a submarine pipeline in clayey soil and investigated the influence of various parameters such as wave period, wave height, water depth, burial depth and consistency index (Ic) of the soil on wave pressures around and uplift force on the submarine pipeline. The wave pressures were measured at three locations around the submarine pipeline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the distribution of velocity and pressure near a submarine pipeline

Han

Shi

Ren

et al. 2009

J. Ocean Univ. China

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As a transport means of oil and gas the submarine pipeline has many merits, such as continuous delivery, large conveying capacity, convenient management, etc. A tube was chosen in our study to simulate the submarine pipeline in the experiments. A high accuracy instrument ADV and high precision point-type pressure sensors were used to measure the parameters of the flow field, including the pressure distribution, velocities at seven cross sections near the submarine pipeline with five different clearance ratios, and twelve dynamic pressure values around the pipeline. The pressure distributions and velocity changes around the pipe under different flow velocities and clearance ratios were analyzed. These results might be useful for further study of submarine pipeline erosion and protection.

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Wave interaction with a submarine pipeline in clayey soil due to random waves

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Minimum Safe Burial Depth of Submarine Pipelines in Well Graded and High Hydraulic Conductivity Sand

Minimum Safe Burial Depth of Submarine Pipelines in Well Graded and High Hydraulic Conductivity Sand

An approach to estimate the optimal depth of burial of crude oil pipelines for different marine conditions in Kuwait

Experimental study on the distribution of velocity and pressure near a submarine pipeline

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