Wave-induced stress and breaking of sea ice in a coupled hydrodynamic discrete-element wave–ice model

Herman, Agnieszka

doi:10.5194/tc-11-2711-2017

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The strongest response in sea ice extent and volume was observed with a reduction in the attenuation rate (J). Modelling the propagation and energy loss of waves as they travel under sea ice is a complex problem and an area of active research (Meylan et al, 2017), and there are recent efforts to produce coupled wave-sea ice models (Herman, 2017). However, any increase in complexity in modelling the waves will result in increased computational cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of floe size distribution on seasonal fragmentation and melt of Arctic sea ice

Bateson¹,

Feltham²,

Schröder³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Recent years have seen a rapid reduction in the summer Arctic sea ice extent. To both understand this trend and project the future evolution of the summer Arctic sea ice, a better understanding of the physical processes that drive the seasonal loss of sea ice is required. The marginal ice zone, here defined as regions with between 15 and 80 % sea ice cover, is the region separating pack ice from open ocean. Accurate modelling of this region is important to understand the dominant mechanisms involved in seasonal sea ice loss. Evolution of the marginal ice zone is determined by complex interactions between the atmosphere, sea ice, ocean, and ocean surface waves. Therefore, this region presents a significant modelling challenge. Sea ice floes span a range of sizes but climate sea ice models assume they adopt a constant size. Floe size influences the lateral melt rate of sea ice and momentum transfer between atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean, all important processes within the marginal ice zone. In this study, the floe size distribution is represented as a truncated power law defined by three key parameters: minimum floe size, maximum floe size, and power law exponent. This distribution is implemented within a sea ice model coupled to a prognostic ocean mixed layer model. We present results to show that the use of a power law derived floe size distribution has a spatially and temporally dependent impact on the sea ice, in particular increasing the role of the marginal ice zone in seasonal sea ice loss. This feature is important in correcting existing biases within sea ice models. In addition, we show a much stronger model sensitivity to floe size distribution parameters than other parameters used to calculate lateral melt, justifying the focus on floe size distribution in model development. It is finally concluded that the model approach presented here is a flexible tool for assessing the importance of a floe size distribution in the evolution of sea ice and is suitable for applications where a simple but realistic floe size distribution model is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of floe size distribution on seasonal fragmentation and melt of Arctic sea ice

Bateson¹,

Feltham²,

Schröder³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…S2), and in spite of the beach significant wave reflection was present. As discussed in Herman et al (2017), the first major crack formed shortly after the reflected wave arrived at its location. Even though it cannot be ruled out that some initial, unnoticed flaws in the ice sheet were responsible for the formation of this crack, it seems clear that once it formed, it had a profound influence on the subse-quent development of fractures during tests 1450, 1500, and 1510.…”

Section: Test Group Bmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Even though it cannot be ruled out that some initial, unnoticed flaws in the ice sheet were responsible for the formation of this crack, it seems clear that once it formed, it had a profound influence on the subse-quent development of fractures during tests 1450, 1500, and 1510. For example, during 1450, breaking was much more intense down-wave from this crack than up-wave, acting as if it were a secondary ice edge (Herman et al, 2017). Supplement Fig.…”

Section: Test Group Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first tests -denoted test group A further on -were performed by the HSVA researchers as a proof of concept; i.e., they were carried out in a very simple setting, with only a few of the most crucial instruments installed. The second set of experiments (test group B) was part of the Hydralab+ Transnational Access project "Loads on Structure and Waves in Ice" (LS-WICE; Hydralab+ project under the Horizon 2020 EU Framework Programme For Research And Innovation, H2020-INFAIA-2014-2015), performed by an international group of scientists from Norway, the USA, Poland, and Germany (for preliminary results see Cheng et al, 2017;Herman et al, 2017;. In LS-WICE, a large set of instruments was used, measuring the wave characteristics at several locations along the ice tank, as well the motion of the ice itself.…”

Section: Experiments Setup and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floe-size distributions in laboratory ice broken by waves

2018

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Abstract. This paper presents the analysis of floe-size distribution (FSD) data obtained in laboratory experiments of ice breaking by waves. The experiments, performed at the Large Ice Model Basin (LIMB) of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt, HSVA), consisted of a number of tests in which an initially continuous, uniform ice sheet was broken by regular waves with prescribed characteristics. The floes' characteristics (surface area; minor and major axis, and orientation of equivalent ellipse) were obtained from digital images of the ice sheets after five tests. The analysis shows that although the floe sizes cover a wide range of values (up to 5 orders of magnitude in the case of floe surface area), their probability density functions (PDFs) do not have heavy tails, but exhibit a clear cut-off at large floe sizes. Moreover, the PDFs have a maximum that can be attributed to wave-induced flexural strain, producing preferred floe sizes. It is demonstrated that the observed FSD data can be described by theoretical PDFs expressed as a weighted sum of two components, a tapered power law and a Gaussian, reflecting multiple fracture mechanisms contributing to the FSD as it evolves in time. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical and numerical research on fragmentation of sea ice and other brittle materials.

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“…Earlier models (e.g., Hopkins and Shen 2001;Hopkins and Thorndike 2006) represent each complete ice floe as a single element of O(100-1000) m and are applied to larger domains, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska. More recent DEM efforts (e.g., Xu et al 2012;Polojärvi and Tuhkuri 2013;Herman 2013Herman , 2017Orzech et al 2014;Song et al 2014) utilize collections of smaller bonded elements [O(cm-m)] to represent floes or sections of ice. While in general more expensive computationally, this approach allows for investigation of smaller-scale ice floe material properties and behavior in response to wave forcing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coupled System for Investigating the Physics of Wave–Ice Interactions

Orzech

Shi

Veeramony

et al. 2018

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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A coupled model system has been developed to investigate the physics of wave attenuation and ice edge retreat in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) at small scales [O(m)]. A phase-dependent finite-volume/finite-difference fluid dynamics model is used to simulate waves and currents, and a discrete element software package is employed to represent ice floes as bonded collections of individually tracked smaller particles. We first review the development of the coupled system, with an emphasis on the coupling software and the representation of wave–ice shear stress. Then we describe a series of simulations that were conducted to evaluate and qualitatively validate the performance of the coupled models. The system produced reasonable results for cases of a vertically oscillating ice block and a free-floating ice floe in monochromatic waves. In larger-scale simulations involving multiple ice floes and pancake ice, estimated transmission and reflection coefficients were similar to those obtained from alternate models and/or data, although numerical dissipation may have reduced estimates of transmitted wave energy in longer wave flumes. Challenges and limitations involving relative length scales in the coupled wave and ice domains are explained and discussed.

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Wave-induced stress and breaking of sea ice in a coupled hydrodynamic discrete-element wave–ice model

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Impact of floe size distribution on seasonal fragmentation and melt of Arctic sea ice

Impact of floe size distribution on seasonal fragmentation and melt of Arctic sea ice

Floe-size distributions in laboratory ice broken by waves

A Coupled System for Investigating the Physics of Wave–Ice Interactions

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