Wave Groups Observed in Pancake Sea Ice

Thomson, Jim; Gemmrich, Johannes; Rogers, W. Erick; Collins, Clarence O.; Ardhuin, Fabrice

doi:10.1029/2019jc015354

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…2b). The finding is in agreement with observations by Thomson et al [45] in the Arctic MIZ for milder wave conditions. Our measurements strengthens the argument that nonlinear wave mechanisms responsible for the generation of large waves (e.g.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Three-dimensional imaging of waves and floe sizes in the marginal ice zone during an explosive cyclone

Alberello,

Bennetts,

Onorato

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Propagation of energetic surface gravity waves over a > 40 km transect of the winter Antarctic marginal ice zone comprised of pancake floes and interstitial frazil ice during an explosive polar cyclone are presented, obtained with a shipborne stereo-camera system. The waves are shown to attenuate at an exponential rate over distance, but, despite this, remain large, even at the deepest measurement locations and in 100% ice concentration, where they are up to 8 m in amplitude-the largest waves measured in comparable conditions. The occurrence of large waves in the marginal ice zone is shown to be consistent with linear theory. Using concomitant measurements of wind speeds, evidence is given that wind-to-wave momentum transfer occurs through a 100% pancake/frazil ice cover, which is not permitted in most contemporary models.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Three-dimensional imaging of waves and floe sizes in the marginal ice zone during an explosive cyclone

Alberello,

Bennetts,

Onorato

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The remaining images were manually analyzed and assigned an integer code on a scale of 0-12 to characterize the ice type. This categorization was introduced in Rogers et al (2018) and previously applied to observations from the Arctic Sea State Experiment in 2015 (Thomson et al, 2019; see their Table 1). The ice codes range from less to more solid ice, and can be broadly grouped as 0-1 for open water and possible grease ice, 2-4 for frazil ice, 5-8 for brash ice and small to medium-sized pancakes, and 9-12 for substantial pancake ice.…”

Section: Sea Ice Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Ocean Surface Waves in Pancake and Frazil Sea Ice Along the Coast of the Chukchi Sea

et al. 2020

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The Arctic region is a rapidly changing environment, characterized by increasing rates of summer sea ice decline, rising temperatures, and lengthening open-water seasons. Arctic coastlines are considered particularly vulnerable to these changing conditions, which pose a unique threat to biological systems, human communities, and infrastructure (Forbes, 2011). Indeed the erosion rates along the Arctic coast have been accelerating (Gibbs et al., 2015, 2019; Lantuit et al., 2012), and the length of the ice-free season appears to be directly related to the higher erosion rates (Barnhart et al., 2014). While warmer temperatures are an obvious driver of erosion, in particular in areas with permafrost bluffs, mechanical processes associated with wave activity are likewise considered a leading contribution (Overeem et al., 2011). The effect of coastal sea ice in dissipating large waves and decreasing the magnitude of storm surges is reduced as the open water season lengthens and extends further into the autumn period of increased storminess in the Alaskan Arctic

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“…The most common and established method considers the deployment of instrumentation in situ, providing surface truth of the sea ice motion under the influence of waves. Such instruments typically use either an Inertial Motion Unit (IMU, i.e., a combination of accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer, together with some data fusion processing, e.g., Kohout et al [40], Rabault et al [41]), or a high-accuracy GPS [42,43] to measure the sea ice motion and compute wave spectra. Less common techniques are using pressure sensors to measure the wave-induced pressure fluctuation to derive wave observations [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean

et al. 2022

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There is a wide consensus within the polar science, meteorology, and oceanography communities that more in situ observations of the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice are required to further improve operational forecasting model skills. Traditionally, the volume of such measurements has been limited by the high cost of commercially available instruments. An increasingly attractive solution to this cost issue is to use instruments produced in-house from open-source hardware, firmware, and postprocessing building blocks. In the present work, we release the next iteration of the open-source drifter and wave-monitoring instrument of Rabault et al. (see “An open source, versatile, affordable waves in ice instrument for scientific measurements in the Polar Regions”, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2020), which follows these solution aspects. The new design is significantly less expensive (typically by a factor of 5 compared with our previous, already cost-effective instrument), much easier to build and assemble for people without specific microelectronics and programming competence, more easily extendable and customizable, and two orders of magnitude more power-efficient (to the point where solar panels are no longer needed even for long-term deployments). Improving performance and reducing noise levels and costs compared with our previous generation of instruments is possible in large part thanks to progress from the electronics component industry. As a result, we believe that this will allow scientists in geosciences to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of in situ data they can collect under a constant instrumentation budget. In the following, we offer (1) a detailed overview of our hardware and software solution, (2) in situ validation and benchmarking of our instrument, (3) a fully open-source release of both hardware and software blueprints. We hope that this work, and the associated open-source release, will be a milestone that will allow our scientific fields to transition towards open-source, community-driven instrumentation. We believe that this could have a considerable impact on many fields by making in situ instrumentation at least an order of magnitude less expensive and more customizable than it has been for the last 50 years, marking the start of a new paradigm in oceanography and polar science, where instrumentation is an inexpensive commodity and in situ data are easier and less expensive to collect.

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Wave Groups Observed in Pancake Sea Ice

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Three-dimensional imaging of waves and floe sizes in the marginal ice zone during an explosive cyclone

Three-dimensional imaging of waves and floe sizes in the marginal ice zone during an explosive cyclone

Attenuation of Ocean Surface Waves in Pancake and Frazil Sea Ice Along the Coast of the Chukchi Sea

OpenMetBuoy-v2021: An Easy-to-Build, Affordable, Customizable, Open-Source Instrument for Oceanographic Measurements of Drift and Waves in Sea Ice and the Open Ocean

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