Wave forces on a large, horizontal submerged cylinder

Unrestrained Cylinders Rolling in Steady Uniform Flows

“…Previous studies such as Skotner et al (1994) have indicated that the forces 33 exerted on cylinders in currents increase as the blockage ratio increases. The blockage ratio is the ratio of the frontal area of the cylinder to the total cross-sectional area of the flow in the flume.…”