Wave energy trends over the Bay of Biscay and the consequences for wave energy converters

Ulazia, Alain; Peñalba, Markel; Ibarra-Berastegui, Gabriel; Ringwood, John V.; Sáenz, Jon

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.099

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Two century-long reanalyses are currently used: the ECMWF 20th century reanalysis (ERA20C; Poli et al 2016) and the second version of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Twentieth Century reanalysis (NOAA-20CR; Compo et al 2011). Century-long reanalyses have been used to study a number of phenomena including wind power generation (Bett et al 2015), European wave climate (Paris et al 2014, Ulazia et al 2017 East Asian surface air temperatures (Liu et al 2017) and North Russian snow cover (Wegmann et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical assessment of the long-term changes in the wintertime surface Arctic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere storminess in the ERA20C reanalysis

Bloomfield

Shaffrey

Hodges

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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This study investigates the robustness of the long-term changes in the wintertime surface Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the ERA20C reanalysis. A statistically significant trend in the AO is found in ERA20C over the period 1900-2010. These long-term changes in the AO are not found in two other observational datasets. The long-term change in the AO in ERA20C is associated with statistically significant negative trend (approximately −6 hPa per century) in mean-sea level pressure (MSLP) over the Northern Hemisphere polar regions. This is not seen in the HADSLP2 observational dataset, suggesting that the trends in the ERA20C AO index may be spurious. The spurious long-term changes in MSLP and the AO index in ERA20C result in a strengthening of the meridional MSLP gradient in ERA20C. The strengthening of the meridional MSLP gradient is consistent with increases in wintertime storminess in Northern Europe and the NH high latitudes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical assessment of the long-term changes in the wintertime surface Arctic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere storminess in the ERA20C reanalysis

Bloomfield

Shaffrey

Hodges

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Previous studies, based on observational data [2], altimetry measurements [3,4], or modelled hindcast [5][6][7][8] convey a consistent picture of increasing trends in wave storminess at the northern Atlantic above the 50 • parallel, and decreasing trends at mid and southern latitudes. By its latitude, the Bay of Biscay area is located in the transition between both trends, being a pivotal sector in the North Atlantic basin, which might explain the contrasted results provided by several sources [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Wave Storms and Atmospheric Variability at the Spanish Coast of the Bay of Biscay

et al. 2018

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This paper examines the characteristics and long-term variability of storminess for the Spanish coast of the Bay of Biscay for the period 1948 to 2015, by coupling wave (observed and modelled) and atmospheric datasets. The diversity of atmospheric mechanisms that are responsible for wave storms are highlighted at different spatial and temporal scales: synoptic (cyclone) and low frequency (teleconnection patterns) time scales. Two types of storms, defined mostly by wave period and storm energy, are distinguished, resulting from the distance to the forcing cyclones, and the length of the fetch area. No statistically significant trends were found for storminess and the associated atmospheric indices over the period of interest. Storminess reached a maximum around the decade of the 1980s, while less activity occurred at the beginning and end of the period of study. In addition, the results reveal that only the WEPI (West Europe Pressure Anomaly Index), EA (Eastern Atlantic), and EA/WR (Eastern Atlantic/Western Russia) teleconnection patterns are able to explain a substantial percentage of the variability in storm climate, suggesting the importance of local factors (W-E exposition of the coast) in controlling storminess in this region.

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“…Even though the wave energy technology has not been widely implemented as a commercial operation, there are a large number of scholars and research institutes who conducted various designs of wave energy converters or developed new analytical models [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, the economic analysis of the wave energy and operational decisions of energy suppliers and consumers (e.g., electricity plant and ports) have rarely been touched upon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Green Ports with the Consideration of Coastal Wave Energy

Zhu

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Considering the rapid development of maritime logistics, the reduction of energy consumption at ports is important in the sustainable development of global economics. Oceans have been known as sources of clean energy, and wave energy is attracting more and more attention from both scholars and practitioners. Even though much effort has been made to develop advanced technologies of wave energy, it is still not clear how ports and electricity plants will evaluate its performance and make decisions on the investment. This paper analyzed the decision framework of ports and electricity plants that can decide how much to invest into wave energy converters, by considering the uncertainty of wave energy supply. A mathematical model is developed to obtain the optimal decisions of a single port and electricity plant for different cases. We show that in most cases, the port has a no lower motivation for investing in the wave energy than the electricity plant. Our theoretical analyses also shed light on the impacts of the parameters on the optimal decisions. Considering the difficulty in estimating the uncertainty of wave energy supply, we extend the distribution-free model to our problem which can make our model more practical.

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Wave energy trends over the Bay of Biscay and the consequences for wave energy converters

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

A critical assessment of the long-term changes in the wintertime surface Arctic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere storminess in the ERA20C reanalysis

A critical assessment of the long-term changes in the wintertime surface Arctic Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere storminess in the ERA20C reanalysis

Extreme Wave Storms and Atmospheric Variability at the Spanish Coast of the Bay of Biscay

Development of Green Ports with the Consideration of Coastal Wave Energy

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