Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives

Clément, Alain; McCullen, Pat; Falcão, António F. de O.; Fiorentino, Antonio; Gardner, F.; Hammarlund, Karin; Lemonis, G.; Lewis, Tony; Nielsen, Kim; Petroncini, Simona; Pontes, M.T.; Schild, Phillippe; Sjöström, Bengt-Olov; Sørensen, Henrik Kragh; Thorpe, Tom

doi:10.1016/s1364-0321(02)00009-6

Cited by 813 publications

(384 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As a renewable source, wave energy in particular is seen as attractive due to its high energy density, (Clément et al, 2002). There are numerous wave energy converter (WEC) paradigms which can extract this energy from the wave in various ways, and can operate either in the near shore or at offshore locations, (Drew et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Viscosity on the Maximisation of Electrical Power from a Wave Energy Converter under Predictive Control

O'Sullivan

Lightbody

2017

IFAC-PapersOnLine

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In this paper, the non-linear effects of viscosity on the performance of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) system are analysed. A standard linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used to show the negative effects that the unaccounted non-linear viscosity force in the hydrodynamic system has on the power absorption. A non-linear MPC (NLMPC) is then implemented, where the non-linear viscosity effects are included in the optimisation. A linear drag coefficient estimate of the non-linear viscosity is then included in the linear MPC; creating a Linear Viscous Model Predictive Control. When constraints are incorporated, it is shown that a single choice of the linear viscous drag coefficient for use within the linear MPC can provide comparable results to the non-linear MPC approach, over a wide range of sea states.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Viscosity on the Maximisation of Electrical Power from a Wave Energy Converter under Predictive Control

O'Sullivan

Lightbody

2017

IFAC-PapersOnLine

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“…While only a small number of wave farms are now in operation, there are plans for significant expansion in several countries. Status and perspectives for wave energy developments in Europe were reviewed by Clement et al [2] while a more recent global update is given by Esteban & Leary [3]. As with other forms of renewable energy, such as wind and solar power, wave energy can be highly variable and of limited predictability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic forecasting of the wave energy flux

Reikard¹,

Bidlot

2012

Applied Energy

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Wave energy will certainly have a significant role to play in the deployment of renewable energy generation capacities. As with wind and solar, probabilistic forecasts of wave power over horizons of a few hours to a few days are required for power system operation as well as trading in electricity markets. A methodology for the probabilistic forecasting of the wave energy flux is introduced, based on a log-Normal assumption for the shape of predictive densities. It uses meteorological forecasts (from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather forecasts -ECMWF) and local wave measurements as input. The parameters of the models involved are adaptively and recursively estimated. The methodology is evaluated for 13 locations around North-America over a period of 15 months. The issued probabilistic forecasts substantially outperform the various benchmarks considered, with improvements between 6 and 70% in terms of Continuous Rank Probability Score (CRPS), depending upon the test case and the lead time. It is finally shown that the log-Normal assumption can be seen as acceptable, even though it may be refined in the future.

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“…To produce steady grid power from pulsating wave energy, the idea to use some intermediate energy storage is recurrent in the literature [19]. A high-pressure gas accumulator in oil hydraulic systems is frequently suggested as energy storage mechanism in several different WEC concepts, the most well-known probably being the Pelamis [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental results from the operation of aggregated wave energy converters

Rahm¹,

Svensson²,

Boström³

et al. 2012

IET Renew. Power Gener.

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Experimental results from the operation of aggregated wave energy converters. IET Renewable Power Generation ABSTRACTWave energy comes in pulses and is unsuitable for direct conversion and transmission to the grid. One method to smooth the power is to deploy arrays of wave energy converters (WECs), the geometrical layout and damping optimization of which many have studied analytically and numerically, but very few by experiments at sea. In this paper, the standard deviation of electrical power as function of various parameters is investigated. Two offshore experiments have been conducted. During the longer run, three WECs were operated in linear damping during 19.7 days. It is shown that the standard deviation reduces with the number of WECs in the array up to three WECs. The reduction compared to single WEC operation was found here to be 30% and 80% with two and three WECs respectively as a mean for an arbitrary array member. It is found that in sea states above approximately 2 kW/m, the standard deviation is independent of sea state parameters. This is contradictory to a previous study on the same device. The results are however in accordance with numerical results of the SEAREV device but show larger reduction in standard deviation with number of WECs. This could be due to suboptimal damping conditions.

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Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives

Cited by 813 publications

References 6 publications

The Effect of Viscosity on the Maximisation of Electrical Power from a Wave Energy Converter under Predictive Control

The Effect of Viscosity on the Maximisation of Electrical Power from a Wave Energy Converter under Predictive Control

Probabilistic forecasting of the wave energy flux

Experimental results from the operation of aggregated wave energy converters

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