Wave Dispersion Study in the Indian Ocean-Tsunami of December 26, 2004

Horrillo, Juan; Kowalik, Zygmunt; Shigihara, Yoshinori

doi:10.1080/01490410600939140

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The dispersive tsunami was observed and investigated for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami [e.g., Kulikov, 2006]. Simulation studies for dispersive waves were also conducted [e.g., Horrillo et al, 2006;Ioualalen et al, 2006]. As for the Tohoku tsunami, Kirby et al [2012] reported that oscillatory dispersive tail appeared at the stations located far ($6200 km) from the source by comparing the observed records and the sets of numerically simulated tsunamis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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This study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 TohokuOki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high-resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height ($2 m) among the deep-ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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“…Their study showed a remarkable difference of surface elevation (∼20%) west of the source, in deep water. Horrillo and Kowalik (2006) did comparisons of tsunami propagation modeling using NSWE, nonlinear Boussinesq equations (NLB) and full Navier-Stokes equations aided by the Volume-Of-Fluid method (FNS-VOF). The authors concluded that all approaches agreed well; dispersion effect becomes more noticeable as time advances; and NLB and FNS-VOF reproduce better small features in the leading wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami propagation modelling – a sensitivity study

Dao

Tkalich

2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Indian Ocean (2004)Tsunami and following tragic consequences demonstrated lack of relevant experience and preparedness among involved coastal nations. After the event, scientific and forecasting circles of affected countries have started a capacity building to tackle similar problems in the future. Different approaches have been used for tsunami propagation, such as Boussinesq and Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (NSWE). These approximations were obtained assuming different relevant importance of nonlinear, dispersion and spatial gradient variation phenomena and terms. The paper describes further development of original TUNAMI-N2 model to take into account additional phenomena: astronomic tide, sea bottom friction, dispersion, Coriolis force, and spherical curvature. The code is modified to be suitable for operational forecasting, and the resulting version (TUNAMI-N2-NUS) is verified using test cases, results of other models, and real case scenarios. Using the 2004 Tsunami event as one of the scenarios, the paper examines sensitivity of numerical solutions to variation of different phenomena and parameters, and the results are analyzed and ranked accordingly.

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“…The grid size used in the simulation area is x = 305 m at the shallowest point near x = B. This choice of spatial resolution is fairly close to other numerical tsunami simulations (Horrillo et al, 2006 use x = 100 m offshore and x = 10 m onshore in one-dimensional (1-D) simulations). For the numerical solution of the NSWE in the model area, a uniform grid with x = 3 m is used.…”

Section: Simulation Using Simplified Aceh Bathymetrymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Linear shallow water equations (LSWE) therefore often suffice as a simple model of tsunami propagation (Choi et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2009;Kânoglu and Synolakis, 1998). On the contrary, it turns out that the lack of dispersion is a shortcoming of shallow water modeling when the tsunami reaches the shallower coastal waters on the continental shelf, and thus dispersive models are often required (Madsen et al, 1991;Horrillo et al, 2006). Numerical simulations based on these linear models are desirable because they involve a small amount of computation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective coastal boundary conditions for tsunami wave run-up over sloping bathymetry

Bokhove

Groesen

2014

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. An effective boundary condition (EBC) is introduced as a novel technique for predicting tsunami wave runup along the coast, and offshore wave reflections. Numerical modeling of tsunami propagation in the coastal zone has been a daunting task, since high accuracy is needed to capture aspects of wave propagation in the shallower areas. For example, there are complicated interactions between incoming and reflected waves due to the bathymetry and intrinsically nonlinear phenomena of wave propagation. If a fixed wall boundary condition is used at a certain shallow depth contour, the reflection properties can be unrealistic. To alleviate this, we explore a so-called effective boundary condition, developed here in one spatial dimension. From the deep ocean to a seaward boundary, i.e., in the simulation area, we model wave propagation numerically over real bathymetry using either the linear dispersive variational Boussinesq or the shallow water equations. We measure the incoming wave at this seaward boundary, and model the wave dynamics towards the shoreline analytically, based on nonlinear shallow water theory over bathymetry with a constant slope. We calculate the run-up heights at the shore and the reflection caused by the slope. The reflected wave is then influxed back into the simulation area using the EBC. The coupling between the numerical and analytic dynamics in the two areas is handled using variational principles, which leads to (approximate) conservation of the overall energy in both areas. We verify our approach in a series of numerical test cases of increasing complexity, including a case akin to tsunami propagation to the coastline at Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Wave Dispersion Study in the Indian Ocean-Tsunami of December 26, 2004

Cited by 68 publications

References 15 publications

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Tsunami propagation modelling – a sensitivity study

Effective coastal boundary conditions for tsunami wave run-up over sloping bathymetry

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