Wave–current dynamics and interactions near the two inlets of a shallow lagoon–inlet–coastal ocean system under hurricane conditions

Mao, Miaohua; Xia, Meng

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.08.002

Cited by 44 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…The wave frequency can be shifted by the currents through the Doppler effect. Besides, the wave bottom friction coefficient will be increased due to current influences [57]. The changes of the wave spectrum will consequently impact on the wind stress through the sea-state-dependent Charnock coefficient.…”

Section: Wave-current Coupling Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air–Wave–Sea Coupling on the Simulation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Potentials

Shao

2020

Atmosphere

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Offshore wind and wave energy potentials are commonly simulated by atmosphere and wave stand-alone models, in which the Atmosphere–Wave–Ocean (AWO) dynamical coupling processes are neglected. Based on four experiments (simulated by UU-CM, Uppsala University-Coupled model) with four different coupling configurations between atmosphere, waves, and ocean, we found that the simulations of the wind power density (WPD) and wave potential energy (WPE) are sensitive to the AWO interaction processes over the North and Baltic Seas; in particular, to the atmosphere–ocean coupling processes. Adding all coupling processes can change more than 25% of the WPE but only less than 5% of the WPD in four chosen coastal areas. The impact of the AWO coupling processes on the WPE and WPD changes significantly with the distance off the shoreline, and the influences vary with regions. From the simulations used in this study, we conclude that the AWO coupling processes should be considered in the simulation of WPE and WPD.

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Section: Wave-current Coupling Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air–Wave–Sea Coupling on the Simulation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Potentials

Shao

2020

Atmosphere

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“…It is widely known that wind contributes significantly to the mean momentum dynamics and coastal circulation (Mao & Xia, 2017, 2018). Given the complexity of nearshore dynamics, a series of modeling works have been done to provide a solid foundation for understanding the synergistic effects of winds, heat flux, and river inputs on the nearshore circulation or particle dynamics (Beardsley et al, 1985; Beletsky et al, 2006; Weisberg & He, 2003; Whitney & Garvine, 2006; Xia et al, 2007) and indicated that winds influence coastal circulation substantially that further leads to the coastal plume formations (Hickey et al, 1998; Jordi et al, 2011; Xia et al, 2010 , 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Dynamics in the Nearshore of Lake Michigan Revealed by an Observation‐Modeling System

Mao

Xia

2020

JGR Oceans

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Given that few drifter experiments combined with a wave‐current coupled model system had been conducted in the complex nearshore area, this work was motivated to reveal the nearshore dynamics by applying an observation‐modeling system to Lake Michigan. Analysis of 11 surface drifters, wind, and current observations along the lake's eastern coast indicates that their trajectories are synergistically controlled by winds and initial releasing sites. Additionally, strong winds significantly impact nearshore dynamics, and the highly sensitive nearshore and offshore drifters are stranded in distinct regions. Simulations indicate that the model reproduces drifter trajectories and endpoints reasonably and that particle fates are mainly dominated by winds, while effects from heat flux and waves are also important. Further analysis of wave effects on particle dynamics indicates that both the wave‐induced sea surface roughness and Stokes drift advection are crucial to the simulated particle trajectories during wind events. Finally, virtual experiments confirm that particle dynamics are evidently susceptible to winds and initial locations. Overall, both the inclusion of physics effects (e.g., adding winds, heat fluxes, and waves) and diminishing the model uncertainties (e.g., from various wind data sources, wind drag coefficient formulations, model grids, and vertical turbulent mixing parameterizations) are important methods to improve the particle simulations. The successful application of this nearshore observation‐modeling system to Lake Michigan can be beneficial to the understanding of nearshore‐offshore transports and larval and fisheries recruitment success in similar freshwater and estuarine environments.

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“…The degree to which inlets restrict ocean‐estuary fluxes varies in time and space depending on the formation and closure of barrier island breaches, inlet and estuarine morphology, and hydrodynamic processes. Nonlinear interactions between wave roughness and wind, as well as wave setup can also modulate water fluxes, water levels, and circulation (e.g., Bertin et al, ; Mao & Xia, ; Nicolle et al, ; Olabarrieta et al, ). In addition, temporal and spatial variability in surge, winds, and waves during individual storms can cause the response of a specific estuary to vary within and among different events (e.g., Cañizares & Irish, ; Sallenger et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic and Morphologic Response of a Back‐Barrier Estuary to an Extratropical Storm

2019

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We investigated the hydrodynamic and morphologic response of Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, USA, to Hurricane Sandy. We implemented a three-dimensional, coupled ocean-wave-sediment transport model of the estuary and explored the role of offshore water levels, offshore waves, local winds, and waves by systematically removing forcings from a series of simulations. Offshore water levels had the largest impact on water levels in the bay, while waves and local wind forcing created substantial spatial variation along the longitudinal axis of the bay. The shape of the bay and its orientation relative to the storm track influenced the response to winds and restricted the maximum water levels in the northern bay and reduced the maximum volume of surge. Basin-average hydrodynamic residence time was reduced by 40%, though its typical spatial distribution remained during the storm. Wave-and current-induced bed shear stress resuspended fine sediment resulting in net erosion from the shoals with ensuing net deposition over fringing low-lying land. The net sediment exchange between the bay and the ocean was several times smaller than the exchange at the peak of the storm resulting in negligible net change in the bay volume. Overall, our results suggest that water level responses are highly sensitive to the specific orientation of storm winds relative to the estuary, thereby limiting the utility of simple inundation models. The sediment transport patterns indicate that storms are an important mechanism for redistributing sediment from shoals to fringing wetlands, while net change to sediment budget can be negligible.Plain Language Summary In this study we have used computer simulations and measurements to study the changes to a coastal system, Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, because of Hurricane Sandy. These simulations, which were verified with measurements, provided animations of the real-life conditions of water levels, current speeds, and change in the sea bottom everywhere in the bay during the hurricane. They also enabled studying imaginary cases where we could isolate major factors like winds, waves, and storm surge and decide which of them had the leading role. Our findings indicated that during Hurricane Sandy, the bay was sheltered by the barrier islands from the direct impact of the hurricane-induced local waves and currents, but storm surge from offshore reached the bay with much less resistance and caused extensive flooding. The orientation of the wind played a large role in the maximum water level within the bay. The hurricane caused large amounts of sand and water to be exchanged between the bay and the ocean during the storm, but the overall change in the depth of the bay was negligible. This work provides an understanding of how a coastal system responds to intense storms.

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Wave–current dynamics and interactions near the two inlets of a shallow lagoon–inlet–coastal ocean system under hurricane conditions

Cited by 44 publications

References 85 publications

Impact of Air–Wave–Sea Coupling on the Simulation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Potentials

Impact of Air–Wave–Sea Coupling on the Simulation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Potentials

Particle Dynamics in the Nearshore of Lake Michigan Revealed by an Observation‐Modeling System

Hydrodynamic and Morphologic Response of a Back‐Barrier Estuary to an Extratropical Storm

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