Watershed seasonality regulating vanadium concentrations and ecological risks in the coastal aquatic habitats of the northwest Pacific.

Sediment Flux, Coastal Development, and Industrial Pressure Drive the Historical Vanadium Concentrations in the East China Sea and Two Bays of Shandong

“…The results of the least conservative pollution analysis support such studies, and sediments in recent years could show no or low levels of vanadium contamination. This is further supported by the analysis conducted on surface sediments from rivers and bays of LZB and JZB, which highlighted slight contamination …”

“…The values in the area were the lowest across the study sites and among different territories of China, similar to those estimated from the Panjiakou–Daheiting Reservoirs (96.33 μg g –1 ), stream sediments in China (80 μg g –1 ), or Poyang Lake (94.37 μg g –1 ). , Over time, EF indicated a moderate enrichment and low contamination of the Q21 and Q23 cores, principally in recent years; thus, vanadium is very likely influenced by the inputs of anthropogenic activities. In JZB, EFs around 1.5 were reported for PTEs like As, Cd, Pb, Mo, Hg, or Cu. ,, Historically, Shandong has used coal as the primary energy source for local and transboundary use ( Figure S5 ) , which has been associated with substantial vanadium emissions; nonetheless, its use is decreasing and could directly impact vanadium accumulation and temporal reductions in EFs found on surface sediments of JZB and LZB . The EFs of vanadium are comparable to other pollutants that receive greater attention; hence, vanadium contamination near areas with significant coastal and vanadium-related industry development should be further considered to ensure ecosystem protection.…”

“…This is further supported by the analysis conducted on surface sediments from rivers and bays of LZB and JZB, which highlighted slight contamination. 64 The JZB Q23 core was the reference site because of its exposure to anthropogenic activity and had an RGB of 37.80 μg g −1 ; nonetheless, it is half of the estimated RGB for the bay's craton, 82 μg g −1 . 63 The values in the area were the lowest across the study sites and among different territories of China, similar to those estimated from the Panjiakou− Daheiting Reservoirs (96.33 μg g −1 ), stream sediments in China (80 μg g −1 ), or Poyang Lake (94.37 μg g −1 ).…”

“…21,28,48 Historically, Shandong has used coal as the primary energy source for local and transboundary use (Figure S5), which has been associated with substantial vanadium emissions; 66 nonetheless, its use is decreasing and could directly impact vanadium accumulation and temporal reductions in EFs found on surface sediments of JZB and LZB. 64 The EFs of vanadium are comparable to other pollutants that receive greater attention; hence, vanadium contamination near areas with significant coastal and vanadium-related industry development should be further considered to ensure ecosystem protection.…”

Trace Metals in Phytoplankton: Requirements, Function, and Composition in Harmful Algal Blooms

“…In phytoplankton metal physiology, both Mo and V are understudied. Nonetheless, growing concerns regarding contamination from Mo and V due to extensive industrial activities have sparked renewed interest in studying them in aquatic ecosystems [334][335][336]. Previous research has shown that Mo serves as a constituent of the nitrate reductase and nitrogenase enzymes, participating in nitrate assimilation and N 2 fixation [337].…”