Watershed prioritization for soil erosion mapping in the Lesser Himalayan Indian basin using PCA and WSA methods in conjunction with morphometric parameters and GIS-based approach

Abstract

Watershed prioritization for soil erosion mapping for the Lesser Himalayan Indian basin using PCA, WSA method in conjunction with morphometric parameters and GIS-based approach Highlights:1. Watershed prioritization using morphometric parameters is the best technique for soil erosion mapping. 2. Soil erodibility assessment using GIS-RS integrated with PCA, WSA models. 3.Evaluation of sub-watershed hydro-geomorphological parameters are the most influential parameters for soil erodibility assessment. 4.The most rugged high altitude sub-watersheds are the most susceptible to soil erosion in the basin. 5.Both model results showing outlet watersheds are high priority, and the sub-watersheds in the north-eastern part having the lowest priority. 6.The assessment can help the sustainable development and management of soil and natural resources in the region.

Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Sediment in Fusre River Basin, Nepal

“…The coefficient of determination (R 2 ), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS) and RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) have been used for goodness of fit between observation and final best simulation. The R 2 , NSE, PBIAS and RSR are 0.74, 0.73, −3.55 and 0.54 respectively during the calibration whereas in validation period values are 0.75, 0.69, 18.55 and 0.56 respectively [11].…”

“…Various experiments has done using SWAT model to find out the amount of soil erosion yield & it effects on hydropower generation [11]. Estimation of soil erosion loss in these regions is often difficult due to the complex interplay of many factors such as climate, land uses, topography, and human activities.…”

Hydro-morphological investigations of Neeru watershed using DEM and geospatial techniques

“…Basin relief refers to the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points of any particular region (the source and mouth of a river in a watershed). It also refers to the topography of the drainage basin, which affects the ~ 21 ~ quality and speed of drainage in the river catchment (Kumar et al, 2021) [10] Basin relief is an essential component in understanding the denudational characteristics of the watershed and plays a vital role in the development of landforms, surface and subsurface water flow, permeability, and erosional characteristics of the terrain (Magesh et al 2011). The Neeru watershed lies between 801 m and 4294 m above sea level (Fig.…”

“…1). The concave curves with low integral values demonstrate old, eroded, and extensively dissected landscapes; smooth and s-shaped curves crossing from the centre of the hypsometric curve diagram represent mature and moderately eroded landscapes; and convex curves with high integral values represent young and slightly eroded landscapes (Kumar et al, 2021) [10] . The HI value and curve provide valuable information about the watershed's erosional stages and the lithological, tectonic, and climatic factors that influence them.…”

“…The demand for water has risen dramatically due to population growth, water irrigation systems, and industrialization. Watershed management is necessary to achieve sustainability, and the study of watershed morphometry is an essential aspect of (Javed et al, 2009;Yadav et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2021) [8,15,10] . Morphometric analysis is required for any hydrological investigation, including assessing and managing groundwater potential, sub-watershed prioritization, Pedology, and environmental impact (Sreedevi et al, 2009;Choudhari et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2022) [14,7,10] .…”