Waterpipe Smoking Effect on Clinical Periodontal Parameters, Salivary Flow Rate and Salivary pH in Chronic Periodontitis Patient

Al-Mufti, Saif Mohammed T.; Saliem, Saif S.

doi:10.12816/0046314

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Similarly, previous researches assumed that waterpipe smokers were more susceptible to the development of dental caries than non-smoker because of high scores of plaque and calculus indices (35,36) , while FT was higher in control groups than waterpipe smokers in the present work. This result agrees with the results of Sahib et al, (2018) (37) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The estimation of the viable count of mutans streptococcus in waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers

Fathallh¹,

Mahmood²

2021

J Bagh Coll Dent

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Background: Waterpipe and cigarette are two products of tobacco consumption, tobacco use has detrimental effects on the oral cavity, numerous studies around the world have reported a significant relationship between smoking and increase dental caries and viable count of cariogenic bacteria, Materials and Methods: unstimulated saliva was collected from 84 subjects and divided equally into three groups waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers all of the participants are adult male aged between 25-60 years, dental caries was measured by use DMFT index, while S.mutans and S.sobrinus were isolated by using a selective medium SB 20M (Sugar bacitracin-20 modified) agar Results: this present study showed a significant (p≤0.01). higher DMFT, DT, MT, and FT among cigarette smokers group than both waterpipe smokers and non-smokers groups. The viable count of S mutans was significantly (p≤0.01).higher in the cigarette smokers group followed by the waterpipe smokers group and then the non-smoker's group, while the viable count of S sobrinus showed no statistical differences (P>0.05) between groups. The correlation of DMFT with S.mutans, and S sobrinus count, were significantly positive (p ≤0.05), in the cigarette smokers group only Conclusion: Dental caries increase in cigarette smokers, where the DMFT and S mutans viable count are less affected by waterpipe than cigarette smoking, a positive correlation is found between DMFT and .mutans streptococcus count only in cigarette smokers

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The estimation of the viable count of mutans streptococcus in waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers

Fathallh¹,

Mahmood²

2021

J Bagh Coll Dent

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“…However, studies analyzing the periodontal clinical data of ENSs are scarce. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, only 10 studies were published (Al-Alimi et al, 2018; Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018; Bibars et al, 2015; Javed et al, 2016; Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, et al, 2016; Khemiss et al, 2017; Malik et al, 2012; Mokeem et al, 2018; Natto et al, 2004, 2005b). The study designs and the characteristics of the involved subjects in the eight comparative studies are displayed in the Appendix (Table 1S).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time, the aforementioned systematic review included only five studies (Al-Belasy, 2004; Baljoon, Natto, Abanmy, & Bergström, 2005; Natto, Baljoon, Abanmy, & Bergström, 2004; Natto, Baljoon, & Bergström, 2005a, 2005b; Natto, Baljoon, Dahlén, & Bergström, 2005) with only two related to PD (Natto et al, 2004, 2005b). By the end of 2018, almost 10 studies had evaluated the effects of narghile use on the periodontium, and their results were controversial (Al-Alimi et al, 2018; Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018; Bibars, Obeidat, Khader, Mahasneh, & Khabour, 2015; Javed et al, 2016; Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, Ben Rejeb, & Ben Saad, 2016; Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, & Ben Saad, 2017; Malik, Khan, Rahman, & Malik, 2012; Mokeem et al, 2018; Natto et al, 2004, 2005b). According to Malik et al (2012), the worst nightmare for narghile smokers is PD.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Compared to cigarette smoking, narghile use was identified to induce similar effects in terms of GI (Natto et al, 2004, 2005b), PI (Javed et al, 2016; Natto et al, 2005b), PPD (Javed et al, 2016; Natto et al, 2005b), and PD (Bibars et al, 2015; Natto et al, 2005b), and it was identified to be more harmful in terms of PI (Khemiss, Ben Khelifa, et al, 2016; Natto et al, 2004). A case control study including 100 males (50 free of PD [25 HNSs and 25 ENSs] and 50 having PD [25 nonsmokers and 25 ENSs]) concluded that the groups free of PD had similar PI but different GI (higher in the HNS group; Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018). The authors also stated that in the groups with PD, PI and GI were higher in nonsmokers (Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case control study including 100 males (50 free of PD [25 HNSs and 25 ENSs] and 50 having PD [25 nonsmokers and 25 ENSs]) concluded that the groups free of PD had similar PI but different GI (higher in the HNS group; Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018). The authors also stated that in the groups with PD, PI and GI were higher in nonsmokers (Al-Mufti & Saliem, 2018). Finally, in a Yemeni population of adults aged 30–60 years (150 periodontitis cases and 150 healthy controls), narghile use was identified as a risk factor for periodontitis (OR between PI score and narghile use was 10.2; Al-Alimi et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers

et al. 2019

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Studies evaluating the effects of narghile use on the periodontium present conflicting conclusions. This study aimed to compare the periodontal status of exclusive narghile smokers (ENSs, n = 74) to that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECSs, n = 74). Males aged 20–40 years were recruited to participate in this comparative study. Information concerning oral health habits (number of yearly visits to the dentist, daily toothbrushing frequency) and tobacco exposure were obtained. Clinical measurements were performed on all the existing teeth, except the third molars. The number of remaining teeth and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were noted. The plaque levels were recorded using the plaque index of Löe and Silness. The gingival index modified by Löe was used to evaluate gingival inflammation. Teeth mobility was measured using bidigital mobility. The probing pocket depth was measured using a periodontal probe. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of at least 10 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm. Student’s t and chi-square tests were used to compare, respectively, the two groups’ quantitative and qualitative data. The two groups were matched for quantities of used tobacco, age, daily toothbrushing frequency, teeth mobility, number of remaining teeth, plaque index, and DMFT. Compared to the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly lower number of yearly visits to the dentist (mean ± SD : 0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2), lower probing pocket depth (mean ± SD : 2.33 ± 0.63 vs. 2.02 ± 0.80 mm), and gingival index (median [interquartile]: 0.46 [0.10–0.89] vs. 0.00 [0.00–0.50]), and it included significantly lower percentages of smokers with periodontal disease (24.3% vs. 9.5%). In conclusion, chronic exclusive narghile smoking has fewer adverse effects on the periodontium than chronic exclusive cigarette smoking.

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The Levels of Salivary IgA and Lactoferrin and Some Salivary Parameters in Waterpipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers

2022

IJFMT

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Background: Waterpipe and cigarette are two types of tobacco consumption, their smoking is associated with many adverse effects it has a detrimental effect on saliva and causes a reduction in salivary pH and flow rate in addition to their controversial effect on salivary IgA and lactoferrin. Materials and Methods: unstimulated saliva was collected from 84 subjects in the early morning between 8-10 am. Subjects were divided equally into three group'swaterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers all of the participants are adult male aged between 25-60 years, Sandwich ELISA technique was used for detection and estimation the level of salivary IgA and lactoferrin. Result: IgA and Lactoferrin results showed significantly(p≤0.01), higher concentration in cigarette and waterpipe smokers group than nonsmokers Results also showed that Salivary flow rate(SFR) and pH was higher in the non-smoker's group followed by waterpipe and cigarette smokers groups with a highly significant difference (p≤0.01), The correlation between Lactoferrin and salivary IgA also showed a significant (p≤0.01),moderate positive correlation in the cigarette group only. Conclusions:Smokingincrease Salivary IgA and lactoferrin concentrations while it reduces SFR and pH of saliva, a significant positive correlation was founded between lactoferrin and salivary IgA only in cigarette smokers

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Waterpipe Smoking Effect on Clinical Periodontal Parameters, Salivary Flow Rate and Salivary pH in Chronic Periodontitis Patient

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The estimation of the viable count of mutans streptococcus in waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers

The estimation of the viable count of mutans streptococcus in waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers

Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers

The Levels of Salivary IgA and Lactoferrin and Some Salivary Parameters in Waterpipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers

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