“…6 About 300 chemical compounds have been identified in hookah smoke; 82 of them are toxic substances, and of these, 23 are carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, primary aromatic amines, N-heterocyclic amines, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and metals, as well as nicotine that causes chemical dependency. 7 Thus, hookah smoke contains large amounts of toxic substances that are known to cause diseases, such as cancer, in addition to chemical dependency. Moreover, tobacco consumption through hookah smoking is also associated with oral, esophageal, lung, gastric, and bladder cancers.…”